The DNA Blog

The Adiponectin (ADIPOQ) gene is associated with the synthesis of Adiponectin, a hormone found to be associated with regulating the level of glucose and in the fatty acid breakdown. This hormone is secreted by the adipose tissue into the blood stream after which it enters the liver cells and the muscle, where it is found to be associated with fat burn and glucose utilization. People with A variant of the gene were shown to be associated with higher serum adiponectin levels.

When the level of the hormone is decreased, there is found to be decreased fat burn and glucose utilization which can lead to weight gain and increased risk of type 2 diabetes.

Association with MUFA intake and Weight Gain:

In a study conducted on 1083 individuals, people with the A variant were found to be associated with lower weight, BMI and waist to hip circumference. Obesity risk among such individuals was further reduced on higher MUFA intake (>13%). In the same study it was found that individuals with the G variant weighed 2 kg more than people with the G variant when MUFA intake was high.

Association with Tendency to Regain Weight:

In a study conducted on Spanish volunteers who were on a low calorie diet, the increased risk for obesity which was earlier found to be associated with G variants of the gene did not exist. However, after 32-60 weeks people with the G variant were shown to be associated with weight regain, though people with the A variant were found to be protected from weight regain.

Association with Type II Diabetes:

In a study conducted on 2200 South Indian population, People with the G variant were shown to be associated with central obesity and the risk for type 2 diabetes was mediated through obesity.

Does your 23andme, Ancestry DNA, FTDNA raw data have ADIPOQ gene variant information?

CHIP Version	ADIPOQ SNPs
23andMe (Use your 23andme raw data to know your ADIPOQ Variant)
v1 23andme	Present
v2 23andme	Present
v3 23andme	Present
v4 23andme	Present
V5 23andme (current chip)	Present
AncestryDNA (Use your ancestry DNA raw data to know your ADIPOQ Variant)
v1 ancestry DNA	Present
V2 ancestry DNA (current chip)	Present
Family Tree DNA (Use your FTDNA raw data to know your ADIPOQ Variant)
OmniExpress microarray chip	Present

Genotype Rs17300539	Phenotype	Recommendations
AA	[Advantage] More likely to have higher adiponectin levels [Advantage] More likely to have a lower risk for obesity [Advantage] More likely to have a lower risk for type 2 diabetes	Though your genetic type is associated with lower risk for obesity, other factors could increase the risk for obesity like sedentary job or poor dietary habits. Increase MUFA intake to further lower obesity risk Foods that are rich in MUFA are olive oil, avocado oil, canola oil, olives, almonds, macadamia nuts and nut butters
AG	[Advantage]More likely to have moderate adiponectin levels [Advantage] More likely to have moderate risk for obesity
GG	[Limitation] More likely to have lower adiponectin levels [Limitation] More likely to have higher risk for obesity [Limitation] More likely to have higher risk for type 2 diabetes	Restrict intake of fat in the diet Consume low glycemic index(GI) food than high glycemic index food Foods that are low in GI are barley, whole grain bread, chickpea, fish, broccoli, beans and ragi

References:

[idea]Find out which variation of the gene you carry and more at www.xcode.life[/idea]

“Nutrigenetics, fitness genetics, health genetics are all nascent but rapidly growing areas within human genetics. The information provided herein is based on preliminary scientific studies and it is to be read and understood in that context.”

The Apolipoprotein A-II (APOA2) gene is associated with the synthesis of Apolipoprotein 2, the second most common protein found in the high density lipoprotein. This protein is shown to be associated with the impairment of the reverse cholesterol transport and the anti-oxidant ability of the high density lipoprotein. People with the T variant of the gene have higher levels of the protein.

Association with Saturated Fat Intake and Weight Gain Tendency:

In a study conducted on adolescents, people with the C variant were found to be associated with greater body fat percentage, visceral fat and HDL-C levels on a high saturated fat intake.

When people with the C variant are given a choice between a bar of chocolate and guacamole, they are more likely to prefer a bar of chocolate, though there is an equal amount of fat in both. This may be because people with C variant are more likely to prefer foods that are rich in saturated fat.

In another study conducted on nearly 2000 individuals, people with the C variant were found to be significantly associated with a higher intake of high fat dairy and higher BMI.

Does your 23andme, Ancestry DNA, FTDNA raw data have APOA2 gene variant information?

CHIP Version	APOA2 SNPs
23andMe (Use your 23andme raw data to know your APOA2 Variant)
v1 23andme	Present
v2 23andme	Present
v3 23andme	Present
v4 23andme	Present
V5 23andme (current chip)	Present
AncestryDNA (Use your ancestry DNA raw data to know your APOA2 Variant)
v1 ancestry DNA	Present
V2 ancestry DNA (current chip)	Present
Family Tree DNA (Use your FTDNA raw data to know your APOA2 Variant)
OmniExpress microarray chip	Present

Genotype Rs5082	Phenotype	Recommendations
CC	[Limitation] More likely to consume higher amount of food rich in saturated fat [Limitation] More likely to have higher BMI on high saturated fat intake	Since your genetic type indicates that you may prefer food rich in saturated fat intake which could increase your tendency to gain weight, consciously lower intake of food rich in saturated fat (below 22g per day) Include sufficient physical activity to lower risk for weight gain Ensure healthy snacking practices
CT	Moderate BMI	Practice mindful eating and continue to eat food rich in saturated fat in moderation
TT	[Advantage] More likely to consume normal amount of food rich in saturated fat [Advantage] Less likely to have higher BMI on saturated fat intake

References:

Association with Antioxidant needs:

In a study conducted on people with prostate cancer, people with the T variant of the gene were shown to be associated with advanced stages of the disease when compared to people with the C variant of the gene. The rare variant (T) is found to be associated with lower catalase activity which may lead to deficient antioxidant protection against oxidative stress, potentially increasing the risk of disease.

Does your 23andme, Ancestry DNA, FTDNA raw data have CAT gene variant information?

CHIP Version	CAT SNPs
23andMe (Use your 23andme raw data to know your CAT Variant)
v1 23andme	Present
v2 23andme	Present
v3 23andme	Present
v4 23andme	Present
V5 23andme (current chip)	Present
AncestryDNA (Use your ancestry DNA raw data to know your CAT Variant)
v1 ancestry DNA	Present
V2 ancestry DNA (current chip)	Present
Family Tree DNA (Use your FTDNA raw data to know your CAT Variant)
OmniExpress microarray chip	Present

Genotype rs1001179	Phenotype	Recommendation
CC	[Advantage] More likely to have higher antioxidant activity [Advantage] More likely to have lower risk for diseases	Include sufficient amount of antioxidant rich food in the diet
CT	Moderate antioxidant activity	Since this genetic type is associated with decreased antioxidant level, consuming a diet rich in antioxidants is recommended. Lycopene found in tomatoes, watermelon and papayas is an important antioxidant and, since it is not water soluble, cooking tomatoes in oil will help improve absorption. Other foods rich in antioxidants are artichoke, kidney beans, cranberries, wild berries and dark chocolate
TT	[Limitation] More likely to lower antioxidant activity [Advantage] More likely to have higher risk for diseases

References:

Association with Tendency to Regain Weight:

In a study conducted on 3899 overweight or obese individuals, people with the G variant were shown to be associated with a greater weight regain (0.77kg per risk allele).

In another study that analyzed 16 gene polymorphisms associated with weight maintenance, people with the G variant were found to be associated with greater weight regain after behavioural weight loss intervention strategy.

Association with Motivation to Exercise:

People with the G variant of the gene who are at a higher risk for weight regain are also shown to be associated with lower level of motivation to exercise (which could be the reason for the increased weight regain). It is important to identify the extent of intrinsic motivation to exercise as these people tend to be more consistent with their exercise regimes.

In a study conducted on people who exercised by running on the treadmill, an association was shown between the presence of the A variant of the gene and an increased motivation to exercise. Such people were more likely to continue to exercise even when they were asked to stop.

Does your 23andme, Ancestry DNA, FTDNA raw data have BDNF gene variant information?

CHIP Version	BDNF SNPs
23andMe (Use your 23andme raw data to know your BDNF Variant)
v1 23andme	Present
v2 23andme	Present
v3 23andme	Present
v4 23andme	Present
V5 23andme (current chip)	Present
AncestryDNA (Use your ancestry DNA raw data to know your BDNF Variant)
v1 ancestry DNA	Present
V2 ancestry DNA (current chip)	Present
Family Tree DNA (Use your FTDNA raw data to know your BDNF Variant)
OmniExpress microarray chip	Present

Genotype rs6265	Phenotype	Recommendations
AA	[Advantage] More likely to have higher motivation levels to exercise [Advantage] More likely to have a lower risk for weight regain	Enjoy your work out and be consistent, this will help in better weight maintenance. Though you have a higher intrinsic motivation level, there could be other factors like family pressures or work related stress which could be preventing you from working out. It is important to include sufficient physical activity in your daily routine to maintain an ideal weight and lower the risk for diseases
AG/GG	Moderate motivation to exercise/[Limitation] More likely to lower motivation levels to exercise [Limitation] More likely to have a higher risk for weight regain	Consciously stick to an appropriate exercise regime, once the results start showing, the motivation levels could increase Alternate between exercise routines like a regular gym workout to a Zumba class, variety could help stay motivated Play fun numbers or your favorite songs which will help make exercising a lot more enjoyable. Sticking to an exercise regime will help lower your risk for weight regain

References:

Association with a tendency to overeat (Weight Management):

In a review study, children with the A variant of the gene were shown to be associated with greater intake of biscuits when compared with children with the T variant (rs9939609). Adults with the A variant (rs9939609) were also shown to have altered post prandial satiety (feeling of being full) levels. In a similar study conducted to identify the association between post prandial satiety and rs9939609, people with the A variant of the fat gene were found to be associated with low sensation of feeling full after a meal.

Loss Of Control Over Eating

In a study conducted on 289 youth, people with the A variant (rs9939609) of the gene had a greater tendency to eat more fat than people with the T variant (rs9939609), with 37.4% of people with the A variant reporting loss of control over eating when compared with 18.8% of people with the T variant. Subsequently, the study showed that people with the A variant of the gene had a significantly greater body mass index.

TV advertisement and overeating

TV advertisements could also induce people to overeat, but the extent of overeating is shown to be associated with the fat gene variant carried by the individual. A study was conducted on 200 children post lunch, involving screening of a 34 minute television program, which also included food advertisements and toy advertisements. Children with the A variant (rs9939609) of the gene consumed significantly more snacks when they were exposed to food advertisements.

Association with Carbohydrate Intake and Weight Gain Tendency:

In a study conducted on 1618 people from an Asian Indian population, people with the A variant (rs8050136) of the gene had a 2.46% higher risk of obesity when compared to people with the C variant among people on a high carbohydrate diet. In the same study, it was found that among people who were inactive, people with the A variant were found to be associated with 1.89 times increased risk for obesity.

Association with Fibre Intake and Weight Loss Tendency:

In the study on 1618 people from an Asian population, people with the A variant (rs11076023) of the gene were shown to be associated with 1.62cm lower waist circumference than people with the T variant of the gene.

Association with Saturated Fat Intake and Weight Gain Tendency:

In a study conducted to identify the association between fat intake, FTO genotype (rs9939609) and body fat percentage, people with the T variant did not show an increase in body fat percentage with increase in fat intake, but people with the A variant were shown to be associated with increased body fat percentage with increased fat intake.

In a study conducted on 4839 men and women on a high fat diet, people with the A variant (rs9939609) were shown to be associated with higher BMI and were twice as likely to be obese when compared with people with the T variant.

Association with Protein Intake and Weight Loss Tendency:

In a study conducted on 737 overweight adults, people with the A variant of the gene (rs9939609) were shown to be associated with a reduced food craving on a hypo-caloric and a high protein diet.

Association with Type 2 Diabetes:

In a study conducted on 2577 Korean study participants, it was found that people with the A variant (rs9939609) of the fat gene were associated with increased risk for obesity and, thereby, an increased risk for diabetes. In a similar study conducted on 4,189 Han Chinese individuals, people with the A variant of rs9939609 and A variant of rs8050136 were shown to be associated with type 2 diabetes and obesity in the Asian population.

Does your 23andme, Ancestry DNA, FTDNA raw data have FTO gene variant information?

CHIP Version	FTO SNPs
23andMe (Use your 23andme raw data to know your FTO Variant)
v1 23andme	Present
v2 23andme	Present
v3 23andme	Present
v4 23andme	Present
V5 23andme (current chip)	Present
AncestryDNA (Use your ancestry DNA raw data to know your FTO Variant)
v1 ancestry DNA	Present
V2 ancestry DNA (current chip)	Present
Family Tree DNA (Use your FTDNA raw data to know your FTO Variant)
OmniExpress microarray chip	Present

Genotype (rs9939609)	Phenotype	Recommendations
AA	[Limitation] More likely to have higher risk for obesity. [Limitation] More likely to have higher fat percentage on a high fat diet [Limitation] More likely to have higher BMI on a high fat diet [Limitation] More Likely to have loss of control eating episodes [Limitation] More Likely to have higher risk for type 2 diabetes [Advantage] More likely to have lower food craving on a high protein diet	A common fat gene myth is that people with this variant are doomed to remain overweight or obese, however, practicing mindful eating and consciously avoiding increased consumption of high fatty food could help in better weight management For people with this variant of the fat gene weight loss can be achieved by balancing food intake with appropriate exercises A high protein diet may be beneficial as it reduces food craving. So foods that turn off fat genes are foods that are rich in protein. Spirulina is a rich source of protein and helps improve satiety
AT	Moderate risk for obesity
TT	[Advantage] More likely to have lower risk for obesity. [Advantage] Less likely to have higher fat percentage on a high fat diet [Advantage] Less likely to have increased BMI on a high fat diet [Advantage] Less Likely to have loss of control eating episodes [Advantage] Less Likely to have higher risk for type 2 diabetes [Limitation] Less likely to have lower food craving on a high protein diet	Ensure a healthy balance between food intake and exercises

Genotype (rs8050136)	Phenotype	Recommendation
AA	[Limitation] More likely to have increased risk for obesity. [Limitation] More Likely to have higher risk for type 2 diabetes	Ensure a healthy balance between food intake and exercises
AC	Moderate risk for obesity	Though the risk for obesity is lower, practise healthy eating practices and ensure sufficient physical activity
CC	[Advantage] More likely to have lower risk for obesity. [Advantage] Less Likely to have higher risk for type 2 diabetes	Though the risk for obesity is lower, practise healthy eating practices and ensure sufficient physical activity

Genotype (rs11076023)	Phenotype	Recommendation
AA	[Advantage] More likely to have lower waist circumference on a high fiber diet	Consume a fibre rich diet to ensure better weight maintenance Fibre rich foods include black beans, lima beans, broccoli, artichoke and brussels sprouts
AT	Moderate waist circumference on a high fiber diet	A fiber rich diet may not considerably lower weight but it helps in bowel movements and in controlling blood sugar levels
TT	[Limitation] More likely to have higher waist circumference than people with the A variant on a high fiber diet	A fiber rich diet may not considerably lower weight but it helps in bowel movements and in controlling blood sugar levels

References:

Does your 23andme, Ancestry DNA, FTDNA raw data have CD36 gene variant information?

CHIP Version	CD36 SNPs
23andMe (Use your 23andme raw data to know your CD36 Variant)
v1 23andme	Present
v2 23andme	Present
v3 23andme	Present
v4 23andme	Present
V5 23andme (current chip)	Present
AncestryDNA (Use your ancestry DNA raw data to know your CD36 Variant)
v1 ancestry DNA	Present
V2 ancestry DNA (current chip)	Present
Family Tree DNA (Use your FTDNA raw data to know your CD36 Variant)
OmniExpress microarray chip	Present

Association with Tendency to Overeat Fatty Foods:

Orosensory perception varies from one individual to another, which is shown to be associated with the nutritional status of the individual. The ability to taste fatty foods is found to be significantly associated with dietary fat detection, with long chain fatty acids being primarily responsible for fatty acids detection in the oral cavity.

In a study conducted to identify the ability to detect oleic acid by orosensory perception, people with the G variant of the gene (rs1761667) were shown to be associated with better fat taste perception and people with the C variant of the gene (rs1527483) were shown to be associated with four fold lower threshold for oleic acid than non-tasters. In a similar study conducted to identify fat taste perception of Italian salad dressing people with the G variant of the gene (rs1761667) reported greater perceived creaminess and people with the T variant of the gene (rs1527483) were shown to perceive greater fat content in the salad dressing.

Genotype (rs1527483)	Phenotype	Recommendations
CC	[Advantage] More likely to have better fat taste perception	Less likely to overeat fat rich foods
CT	Moderate fat taste perception	Likely to overeat fatty foods
TT	[Limitation] More likely to have lower fat taste perception	Highly likely to overeat fatty foods. Practise mindful eating Consciously lower intake of fat rich foods

Genotype (rs1761667)	Phenotype	Recommendations
GG	[Advantage] More likely to have better fat taste perception	Less likely to overeat fat rich foods
AG	Moderate fat taste perception	Likely to overeat fatty foods
AA	[Limitation] More likely to have lower fat taste perception	Highly likely to overeat fatty foods. Practise mindful eating Consciously lower intake of fat rich foods

Association with Vitamin E Needs:

In a study conducted to identify the variability in vitamin E levels, CD36 gene variants were shown to be associated with differences in inter individual vitamin E levels, which may be due to its association with vitamin E uptake. In the study it was found that adolescents who carried the GG genotype of rs1984112, GG genotype of rs1761667 (G allele), or AA genotype of rs1527479 were associated with lower plasma α-tocopherol concentrations.

Genotype (rs1761667)	Phenotype	Recommendations
GG	[Limitation] More likely to have lower vitamin E levels	Likely to need more Vitamin E in the diet Meet the daily requirement for vitamin E- 10mg/day for men and 7mg/day for women Eat Vitamin E rich foods like spinach, almonds, sweet potato, sunflower seeds and butter nut squash
AG	Moderate Vitamin E levels	Likely to need more vitamin E in the diet
AA	[Advantage] More likely to have higher vitamin E levels	Likely to have normal levels of vitamin E in the diet

Genotype (rs1984112)	Phenotype	Recommendations
GG	[Limitation] More likely to have lower vitamin E levels	Likely to have lower levels of vitamin E Meet the daily requirement for vitamin E- 10mg/day for men and 7mg/day for women Eat Vitamin E rich foods like spinach, almonds, sweet potato, sunflower seeds and butter nut squash
AG	Moderate vitamin E levels
AA	[Advantage] More likely to have higher vitamin E levels	Likely to have normal levels of vitamin E

Genotype (rs1527479)	Phenotype	Recommendations
TT	[Limitation] More likely to have lower vitamin E levels	Likely to have lower levels of vitamin E Meet the daily requirement for vitamin E- 10mg/day for men and 7mg/day for women Eat Vitamin E rich foods like spinach, almonds, sweet potato, sunflower seeds and butter nut squash
CT	Moderate vitamin E levels
CC	[Advantage] More likely to have higher vitamin E levels	Likely to have normal levels of vitamin E

Association with MUFA intake and Weight Gain:

Association with Tendency to Regain Weight:

Association with Type II Diabetes:

Does your 23andme, Ancestry DNA, FTDNA raw data have ADIPOQ gene variant information?

Genotype

Phenotype

Recommendations

References:

Association with Saturated Fat Intake and Weight Gain Tendency:

Does your 23andme, Ancestry DNA, FTDNA raw data have APOA2 gene variant information?

Genotype

Phenotype

Recommendations

References:

Related Links:

Association with Antioxidant needs:

Does your 23andme, Ancestry DNA, FTDNA raw data have CAT gene variant information?

Genotype

Phenotype

Recommendation

References:

Related Links:

Association with Tendency to Regain Weight:

Association with Motivation to Exercise:

Does your 23andme, Ancestry DNA, FTDNA raw data have BDNF gene variant information?

References:

Related Links:

Association with a tendency to overeat (Weight Management):

Association with Carbohydrate Intake and Weight Gain Tendency:

Association with Fibre Intake and Weight Loss Tendency:

Association with Saturated Fat Intake and Weight Gain Tendency:

Association with Protein Intake and Weight Loss Tendency:

Association with Type 2 Diabetes:

Does your 23andme, Ancestry DNA, FTDNA raw data have FTO gene variant information?

References:

Related Links:

Does your 23andme, Ancestry DNA, FTDNA raw data have CD36 gene variant information?

Association with Tendency to Overeat Fatty Foods:

Association with Vitamin E Needs:

References:

Related Links:

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