23andMe is a direct-to-consumer genetic testing company. They distribute DNA collection kits for saliva samples, which are processed to generate ancestry and health reports. While 23andMe's website mentions an average timeline of 4-6 weeks, some users report receiving their results as early as 10 days after 23andMe receives their sample. Factors like shipping delays, lab errors, etc., can further impact this timeline.
23andMe is a company that provides direct-to-consumer genetic/DNA testing and analysis.
The company has over 12.5 million customers worldwide.
Its primary service is a direct-to-consumer genetic test based on saliva samples.
This test includes information about customers’ ancestry, health, and traits.
23andMe recently filed for bankruptcy in March 2025 due to financial struggles and a major 2023 data breach, leading to the resignation of CEO Anne Wojcicki.
There are multiple steps between registering on 23andMe and receiving your results.
Your homepage keeps you informed about each step of the process.
It shows what stage your sample is on and estimates the date of result delivery.
Once your kit is received at the lab, you should receive your results in 4-6 weeks.
Samples mailed from within the United States can take anywhere between 2-4 weeks to reach the lab.
Once you mail your DNA sample back, it can take up to 10 weeks to receive your results. However, many customers report receiving the results much earlier.
These times are estimates.
The company cannot guarantee that you will receive the reports on the date mentioned.
Over the past two years, 23andMe’s wait time seems to have remained under 25-30 days, which is sufficiently quick.
Several factors can impact the time it takes to get your results:
Certain samples may require additional steps to be processed successfully, which can further increase the wait time.
About Xcode Life
The saliva collection kit is generally dispatched within 1 to 2 business days.
They also offer express shipping at a premium if required.
Once you mail them your unique kit barcode, your reports will be prepared.
In approximately 3 to 4 weeks, once they are ready, an email will inform you that your reports can be accessed in your online account.
AncestryDNA and 23andMe are two of the most popular DNA analysis companies.
The former has a much bigger database with 18 million users, while the latter has 12 million users.
This could mean that the accuracy of the former is higher than the latter.
According to the AncestryDNA website, “it can take up to 5 weeks from the date you mail in a sample for the laboratory to mark it as arrived, and 8 weeks from the date we receive your sample for your results to be ready.”This means that 23andMe processes your report much quicker (by a couple of weeks to a month) than AncestryDNA.
The information in your report depends on the services you have chosen.
23andMe offers four kinds of personal genetic services.
| Service | Description | Price |
| Ancestry | Ancestry breakdown and 30+ trait reports– 80+ personalized reports– Ancestry percentages (to the 0.1%)– 2750+ geographic regions | $99 |
| Health + Ancestry | Everything in Ancestry service +– 150+ personalized reports– FDA-authorized reports– FSA/HSA eligibility | $199 |
| 23andMe+ Premium | Everything in Health + Ancestry service +– Heart health and personalized medicine reports– Health tracker– Health action plan– Historical Matches (new feature) | $199 for the first year, $69/yr after |
| 23andMe+ Total Health | Everything in 23andMe+ Premium +– Next-generation exome sequencing– Biannual blood testing– Access to clinicians | $999 for the first year, $499/yr after |
With the information present in your DNA data, you can uncover insights into several aspects of your health and well-being.
An important part of your 23andMe result is the DNA data, which you can easily access and download from your account.
Your DNA data provides a massive amount of information that you can use to unlock thousands of insights beyond 23andMe.
Recently, a hacker advertised that they had stolen millions of “pieces of data,” breaking into the DNA relatives feature that allowed the users to compare ancestry information with users worldwide.
While 23andMe is looking into this and attempting to solve it, they have indefinitely blocked the download of DNA data as a security measure. Here’s how you can submit a request to access your DNA data.
To get your DNA raw data, follow the instructions from this page:
How to download your 23andMe Raw Data for 700+ Health Reports
23andMe cannot determine biological parentage.
The site’s ethnicity service helps link users to their genetic relatives.
The company claims an accuracy rate of more than 99% for its BRCA test.
Despite this, the test could produce false positive or negative results.
Their ancestry test traces your lineage back 8 generations.
Beyond eight generations, it’s hard to track your DNA accurately.
AncestryDNA vs 23andMe: Which Is Better For Raw Data Analysis?
MyHeritage vs 23andMe: Detailed Review and Comparison
Did You Know?
Your 23andMe DNA Data includes 700,000 markers, which can be used to learn everything from disease risk and drug sensitivities to nutritional requirements and fitness parameters. Learn more.
23andMe offers multiple services, including ancestry reports, health and wellness reports, and genetic matching with relatives.
It's one of the leading players in the genetic ancestry testing niche.
23andMe offers several tools to make the most of your ancestry test results.
One such tool is called DNA Relatives.
This remarkable technology compares you with DNA matches with a common ancestor, revealing potential relatives you were unaware of.
At 23andMe, you can purchase an ancestry report for $99 or a health+ancestry report for $199.
In addition to your health+ancestry service, if you want access to advanced reports and features throughout the year, you can upgrade to Total Health for $499.
Does 23andMe Test For Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome?
CRI Genetics has rapidly gained attention for its cutting-edge approach to DNA testing.
This company was founded by the experienced molecular geneticist Dr. Alexei Fedorov in 2016.
CRI Genetics aims to empower individuals by unlocking valuable insights hidden within their DNA.
Cri Genetics focuses on providing personalized genetic analysis to individuals interested in exploring their genetic makeup, health tendencies, and wellness potential.
Moreover, Cri Genetics provides specialized reports that include:
Please note that pricing may vary, and it is advisable to refer to the official sources for the most up-to-date information.
| Similarities |
| Personalized genetic analysis: Both companies offer personalized genetic analyses to individuals interested in their genetic makeup. |
| Third-party data upload: Neither company allows any other company's data to be uploaded for analysis. |
| Accurate and reliable insights: Cri Genetics and 23andMe claim to deliver accurate and reliable genetic insights to empower individuals. |
| Reputation: Both companies are reputable and well-established in genetic testing. |
| 23andMe | CRI | |
| Sample collection type | Saliva | Cheek swab |
| DNA raw data available for download? | Yes | No |
| No. of markers analyzed | 570,000+ | 640,000+ |
| Geographical locations covered | 150 regions worldwide | N/A |
| Database size | 14 Million+ | N/A |
| FDA authorized | Yes | Money-back guarantee |
| Turn around time | 4 weeks maximum | In 8 weeks |
| Turn-around time | No | Money-back guarantee |
| No. of traits in health report | 30 | 33 |
| Price range of tests | $99-$499 | $79-$199 |
| Third-party raw data upload allowed? | No | No |
| Rating by users | 3.6/5 (Trustpilot) | 3.5/5 (Trustpilot) |
23andMe and CRI Genetics offer ancestry services but have different strengths and features.
23andMe
CRI Genetics
It's important to thoroughly research and understand both companies' offerings before deciding. It is advisable to seek advice from healthcare experts, carefully evaluate the restrictions, and analyze the genetic testing outcomes.
Both 23andMe and Cri Genetics provide information on health services. However, it's important to note that these reports should never be considered a substitute for professional medical advice.
23andMe has extensive experience and FDA clearance, indicating that their health reports may cover a wider range of conditions in a more precise manner. In contrast, Cri Genetics may be lacking in this area.
On most review platforms, Cri Genetics gets mixed reviews. Most of the negative reviews highlight concerns about the accuracy and details of the report.
Despite good ratings on some of the platforms, many people have questioned the validity and accuracy of their results, which suggests a cause for concern.
The choice between Cri Genetics vs 23andMe ultimately depends on your needs and interests. If you're primarily interested in connecting with genetic relatives and exploring your overall ancestry composition, 23andMe's extensive customer database may be more beneficial.
On the other hand, if you're looking for a personalized genetic analysis, health reports, and wellness reports, Cri Genetics may be the better option.
Both companies have their strengths and have garnered positive reviews from customers. It's essential to research and understand what each company offers.
Remember that genetic testing can provide fascinating insights, but it's essential to approach the results cautiously and consult a healthcare professional.
Whether you choose Cri Genetics or 23andMe, taking a DNA test can be an exciting journey of self-discovery.
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a group of rare genetic conditions that affects connective tissue, which provides structure and support to the joints, skin, blood vessels, and internal organs. In EDS, genetic changes alter collagen, a protein essential for tissue strength and flexibility, making tissues fragile and joints prone to looseness or instability. These changes can lead to frequent injuries, slow healing, and challenges in everyday activities, as even minor pressure or strain may cause damage.
| Sign | Likely cause | Notes |
| Hypermobile joints | Weak connective tissue | Core diagnostic sign |
| Easy bruising | Fragile blood vessels | Appears even with minor trauma |
| Slow wound healing | Collagen defects | May leave “cigarette paper” scars |
| Dizziness/fainting | Autonomic dysfunction (POTS) | Common in hypermobile EDS |
| Digestive issues | Weak connective tissue in gut | Acid reflux, constipation, bloating |
Dr. Blair Grubb, a cardiologist specializing in autonomic disorders at Ohio University Health Sciences, highlights:
“We see EDS as not just a joint condition but a systemic one that can involve the nervous system, skin, and even cognition.”
*Asymptomatic hypermobility: A condition where a person's joints can move more than usual (are extra flexible), but they don't experience any pain or problems because of it.
**Autonomic test results: The outcomes from medical tests that check how well the body's automatic systems—like heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion—work.
There are 13 known subtypes of EDS, ranging from common to rare. Some of the main ones include:
Yes, EDS is caused by variants in genes that produce collagen or proteins that support connective tissue.
| Gene | Associated EDS type | Function |
| COL5A1 / COL5A2 | Classical EDS | Collagen type V production |
| COL3A1 | Vascular EDS | Collagen type III production |
| COL1A1 / COL1A2 | Classical & rare types | Collagen I production |
| TNXB | Classical-like EDS | Tenascin-X protein (supports connective tissue structure) |
Certain gene changes can put you at higher risk for developing many chronic conditions like diabetes, hypertension, and even scoliosis. Learning about your genetic risks can help plan prevention strategies even before the symptoms appear.
Please note: Xcode Life does not test for Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
EDS, Marfan Syndrome, Fibromyalgia, and Joint Hypermobility Syndrome share overlapping symptoms like joint hypermobility and chronic pain.
However, EDS is marked by fragile connective tissue, skin hyperextensibility, and frequent dislocations, while Marfan Syndrome typically includes tall stature and cardiovascular issues.
Fibromyalgia focuses on widespread pain without connective tissue abnormalities, and Joint Hypermobility Syndrome lacks the systemic features seen in EDS.
Accurate diagnosis relies on detailed clinical evaluation and genetic testing.
There is currently no cure for EDS, but treatment helps manage symptoms and limit complications.
Therapies & rehabilitation
Medications & medical care
Counseling & genetic guidance
Lifestyle adjustments
Note: Everyone’s health situation is different. The details shared here are for general awareness, not a replacement for professional care. Please consult a healthcare provider to find out what works best for you.
*For informational purposes only. These strategies may work well for some than others. It is not advisable to start any supplements without consulting a qualified medical practitioner. A healthcare professional can provide guidance based on your unique circumstances and health profile. Always prioritize professional guidance when considering lifestyle and environmental changes.
Yes, research suggests there are overlapping genetic factors and comorbidities.
Shared features include sensory sensitivities, digestive problems, and coordination issues.
ADHD, anxiety, fibromyalgia, and mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS) are also reported in both conditions.
Symptomatically, both conditions share features such as:
**Proprioception is also called kinesthesia. It is the body's awareness of its position and movement in space, which is crucial for coordination and balance.
Mast Cell Activation Syndrome (MCAS): MCAS, more common in EDS, can cause flushing, GI issues, and chemical sensitivities. Some researchers are exploring whether similar immune responses occur in autism too.
Stretchy skin, fragile vessels, chronic pain, frequent dislocations, and dizziness from POTS are some lesser-known signs.
For most types of EDS, life expectancy is normal if managed well.
In vascular EDS, however, the median life span is around 48 years because of risks like artery or organ rupture.
Life expectancy may also be reduced in kyphoscoliosis EDS due to vascular and lung complications.
Yes, flexibility may decrease over time, while chronic pain, fatigue, and joint instability often worsen.
Unusually flexible joints, family history, delayed wound healing, and fragile skin are key red flags.
Yes, EDS can indirectly affect hair. Altered collagen and skin structure in EDS can lead to enlarged hair follicles, which may affect hair quality.
Additionally, some patients may experience thinning or brittle hair due to nutritional deficiencies.
Some people with vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome may have thin, translucent skin, a narrow or thin nose, a thin upper lip, small earlobes, and prominent eyes.
In fair-skinned individuals, underlying blood vessels may be clearly visible through the skin.
Yes. Fragile connective tissue can make breasts more prone to pain, strain, or injury, especially with changes in weight or pressure.
Marfan syndrome, Loeys-Dietz syndrome, fibromyalgia, and joint hypermobility syndrome.
Some appear younger due to soft, elastic skin, though fragility and scarring are also common.
Yes. Symptoms are lifelong, and chronic pain is reported in about 90% of patients.
Ehlers Danlos Syndrome & The Eyes
EDS is a rare group of genetic conditions caused by collagen-related gene variants. Symptoms can range from joint instability and fragile skin to digestive problems and chronic fatigue. With 13 recognized types, hypermobile EDS is the most common. While EDS has no cure, early recognition, lifestyle support, and personalized medical care can greatly improve quality of life.
The cost of DNA tests varies widely based on the type.
Overall, prices reflect a broad spectrum depending on the specific test and provider.
Depending on the type and complexity, a DNA test price may vary between $99 to more than $2000.
In some cases, additional testing may be required, increasing the cost.
In some states, insurance covers a portion of certain types of genetic tests.
From the date of sample collection, the results may be ready within a few days to a few weeks.
The turnaround time is much quicker if the genetic test is crucial for timely diagnosis (such as prenatal tests).
Different types of genetic tests investigate different things and are priced accordingly.
Let’s have a look at some important types of genetic tests.
| Type of Test | Average Cost |
| Ancestry Test (direct-to-consumer) | $59-$119 |
| Health and Wellness Assessment (direct-to-consumer) | $100-$640 Xcode Life’s Special Price: starting from $30 |
| Paternity Test | At home: $130-$200 Legal: $300-$500 |
| Molecular Genetic Tests | $100-$2000 |
Genetic ancestry tests, also called genealogy tests, aim to analyze the shared genetic regions between individuals to establish their relationship.
It is the most affordable DNA testing option offered by most companies, ranging from as low as $59 to around $119.
*as of 12th September 2025
Also Read: How To Login To AncestryDNA + Health Reports At 55% Off!
Genetic tests can now help healthcare professionals and other consumers understand the risk of developing a health condition.
This enables personalized preventive measures and optimal treatment.
Further, owing to the rising popularity of nutritional supplements, genetic companies are introducing lifestyle and wellness tests (such as nutrition or fitness genetic tests) to promote better health.
Most companies price these tests at $100 to $600.
Many companies also combine health and ancestry tests and price them at around $200.
Did You Know? You can use your existing DNA data from ancestry genetic tests to get Xcode Life's reports within 24 hours!
DNA paternity tests are one of the most common types of DNA tests.
The individual and the alleged father get a genetic test, and a specialist compares the shared DNA regions between them to establish paternity.
At-home DNA paternity tests cost around $130-$200, and legal paternity tests can cost up to $500.
Molecular tests are mostly used for diagnostic purposes.
Costs vary depending on the type of test: single variant, targeted gene, gene panel, whole-exome, and whole-genome.
Whole-exome/genome sequencing: $400–$2,000+
| Company | Average Test Cost** | Notes |
| Xcode Life(DNA kit not provided) | Single tests: $30 - $69 Bundles: $139 - $199 (Ongoing sale: $89 - $149) | Cheapest and most comprehensive entry point; up to 850 traits |
| 23andMe | $99-$499 | Bundles ancestry + health |
| AncestryDNA | $99-$199 | Strong genealogical database |
| MyHeritage DNA | $89 (sale price $33) | Cheapest ancestry test |
| Family Tree DNA | $79 - $449 | Specializes in maternal and paternal haplogroups |
| Living DNA | $124 - $225 (sale price $90-$188) + shipping | Niche regional focus |
| Genomelink | Subscription: $96 annually | Trait-based uploads |
| SelfDecode | $418 - $927 (offer on ultimate bundle - $695) | Health + supplements |
| CircleDNA | $629 per DNA kit (sale price $505) | One test covers all |
| Nebula Genomics (now DNAcomplete) | $195 - $995 | Whole-genome sequencing |
**as of 12th September 2025
Some direct-to-consumer companies, like Sequencing, offer free services that allow you to upload your existing DNA data to get some basic information for free.
Many insurance plans cover most clinical genetic tests recommended by physicians. However, direct-to-consumer tests have poor insurance coverage, and only a few companies/insurance plans offer reimbursement.
Dog tests help the owners know the specific breeds to allow better care.
Despite the rising popularity of dog DNA testing, only a few companies offer quality services.
The tests can cost anywhere from $60 to $200, based on the knowledge you’re seeking and how deep you want the analysis to be.
Pregnancy DNA test costs depend on the nature of the test.
The most common types of pregnancy tests include
The cost of a full DNA test, or a whole-genome sequencing test, can vary widely, ranging from $400 to over $1,000, depending on the depth of analysis and the provider.
Some research studies offer free DNA testing if you qualify as a participant, but free consumer testing options are rare and usually limited.
Insurance may cover genetic testing if it is deemed medically necessary, such as for hereditary disease screening, but typically not for recreational or ancestry tests.
Genetic testing can be highly valuable for those seeking insights into health risks, ancestry, or personalized wellness.
Tests for specific hereditary conditions can help with early intervention and personalized health strategies.
However, it is important to understand the difference between clinical and consumer genetic testing.
Yes, direct-to-consumer companies allow individuals to order their own genetic tests for health, wellness, or ancestry without needing a doctor’s referral.
The pricing of DNA tests varies depending on the type, use, and the company offering the genetic test.
Basic ancestry tests cost around $99, while health and wellness ones can cost as much as $450.
Molecular diagnostic tests can cost anywhere from $100-$1000.
Some physical traits, such as tall stature, muscular build, fair or reddish hair, blue eyes, and certain facial features, have been historically linked to Viking ancestry. While these signs alone can’t confirm Viking DNA, genetic testing for Scandinavian ancestry (especially Y-DNA haplogroups like R1a, R1b, and I1) can provide stronger clues. Modern research shows Viking DNA is found in around 10% of Swedes and 6% of people in the UK.
The Vikings were seafaring warriors and traders from Scandinavia (modern-day Norway, Sweden, and Denmark) who thrived between the 8th and 11th centuries.
They explored as far as North America, traded across Europe, and left cultural and genetic imprints across the continent.
Evidence places their origins in Scandinavia.
Notable early raids, like the 793 CE Lindisfarne attack, mark their expansion, but archaeological records suggest Viking-like groups existed earlier.
The Scandinavian peninsula is an area shared by Norway, Sweden, and a part of northern Finland.
Nordic countries refer to all five of the northern European countries.
| Trait | Historical Link | Notes |
| 1. Tall stature | Above-average height in Viking remains | Height is influenced by diet & lifestyle |
| 2. Muscular build | Farming, rowing, and combat training | May be genetic or lifestyle-driven |
| 3. Fair/reddish hair | Common in northern Scandinavia | Not exclusive to Vikings |
| 4. Blue or light eyes | Frequent in Viking-age skeletons | Found in other European groups |
| 5. Strong jawline & cheekbones | Described in Norse sagas | Subjective & variable |
| 6. V-shaped hairline/neck hair | Folklore-based markers | Weak scientific basis |
| 7. Occupational lineage | Fishing, seafaring in family history | Suggestive but not conclusive |
Beyond physical traits, certain cultural and familial clues can also hint at Viking ancestry.
People from Scandinavian countries such as Norway and Sweden are naturally more likely to share Viking roots due to geographic proximity to Viking homelands.
Surnames with Norse origins, like Johnson (“son of John”) or Anderson (“son of Anders”), can trace back to Viking naming traditions.
Personality traits such as a love for exploration, adventure, and resilience in the face of danger echo qualities historically attributed to Vikings, though these characteristics alone cannot confirm genetic links.
In the largest Viking DNA study (442 ancient remains from 80 sites), researchers found:
The co-first author, Professor Martin Sikora from the University of Copenhagen, commented, "We found that Vikings weren’t just Scandinavians in their genetic ancestry, as we analysed genetic influences in their DNA from Southern Europe and Asia, which has never been contemplated before."
Genetic ancestry tests are becoming increasingly popular. While your DNA can be used to learn about your roots, did you know that it can also reveal important things about your health risks and wellness aspects? This allows you to take proactive measures for health conditions, even before the symptoms appear, thereby preventing it. You can upload your DNA data to learn 1,500+ things about your health. Learn more.
Here's how people like you have used their ancestry data to explore Xcode Life
While the Vikings as a group are gone, their descendants live across Scandinavia and Europe.
Some communities in Norway and Sweden maintain Viking heritage through re-enactments and reconstructed villages.
In a recent study, scientists examined 300 ancient human genomes from Scandinavia that spanned over 2000 years.
Many people share their DNA with the Vikings, and a Viking DNA test can help you understand your specific Scandinavian ancestry traits!
These tests examine your DNA and compare it to that of your Viking ancestors to determine how many common segments you share with them; the more segments, the closer you are to the Vikings.
Some companies that offer Viking DNA tests include:
While Viking ancestry tests can provide fascinating insights, there are important limitations to keep in mind:
Takeaway: Viking DNA tests can point to regional Scandinavian ancestry and haplogroups, but they cannot prove Viking identity with certainty. Results should be viewed as suggestive, not definitive.
| Haplogroup | Region | Historical Relevance |
| I1 | Northern Europe (Norway, Sweden, Denmark) | Strong Norse and Viking association; common in regions historically linked to Norse migration |
| R1a | Eastern Europe & Scandinavia | Prevalent in peninsular Scandinavia; subclades linked to Viking migrations into the British Isles |
| R1b | Western Europe | Dominant in Western Europe; its presence in Viking contexts supports some Viking-era spread, but it is widespread and not uniquely Viking |
Vikings are hypothesized to have originated from modern-day Denmark, Norway, and Sweden.
Not definitively, but high Scandinavian ancestry plus matching haplogroups strengthens the case.
Historical sources suggest tall, strong builds with fair skin, light or red hair, and blue or light eyes.
They used patronymics, e.g., Eriksson (“son of Erik”), not fixed surnames.
No, blue eyes were common, but green, hazel, and brown also occurred.
Viking ancestry is best understood through a mix of genetics, history, and archaeology. Physical appearance offers only suggestive hints, while DNA results can highlight Scandinavian heritage without definitively proving Viking lineage.
https://www.theguardian.com/science/blog/2013/feb/25/viking-ancestors-astrology
https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(22)01468-4
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/09/200916113544.htm
DNA testing generally doesn't hinder your ability to claim health insurance due to legal protections like GINA and GDPR that keep your genetic information private. While life and disability insurers may sometimes consider genetic risk factors or family history, most health policies focus on current health status. Your genetic data remains secure—read on to learn more about how your rights are protected.
DNA testing, also called genetic testing, helps identify changes in an individual’s genes, chromosomes, and proteins in the body.
This test uses a sample of your blood, hair, skin tissue, or amniotic fluid to help confirm or rule out a genetic condition.
DNA testing also helps determine one’s risk of developing or passing a genetic disorder, health predispositions, and ancestral and lifestyle traits.
DNA testing can be broadly grouped under two categories: Direct-to-consumer (DTC) and medical-grade tests.
These are at-home test kits that help in DNA analysis using a simple saliva or cheek swab sample.
The individual must send the sample to the lab.
Once the lab receives the sample, it provides personalized reports on potential health risks, nutritional status, and even traits related to sleep and skin health.
DTC DNA testing is convenient and offers valuable information at affordable costs.
However, they may not always provide a complete picture of one’s health without the help of a medical practitioner.
These include prenatal testing, diagnostic testing, carrier testing, newborn screening, and preimplantation screening.
DNA testing is a helpful tool for medical professionals and is also increasingly accessible to individuals, giving them valuable insights into their health risks.
However, insurance companies may also consider genetic information to determine insurance premiums and coverage.
Having a genetic marker for a disease does not guarantee the individual will develop a medical illness.
However, an insurer may interpret it as an increased likelihood of a future health condition.
The use of genetic information as a pre-existing condition depends on local laws and policy terms.
Today, with genetic testing becoming increasingly accessible, it is more important than ever to safeguard your genetic information.
Several laws are used globally to keep genetic data private and prevent its unfair use against individuals. Let’s look at them briefly.
Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) is a U.S. law that prevents health insurers and employers from using genetic information to discriminate against individuals.
The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) offers strong privacy protections for genetic data in the European Union. It does so by:
The Genetic Non-Discrimination Act (GNDA), enacted in 2017 in Canada, protects individuals from discrimination based on their genetic information.
This law prohibits employers and insurance companies from requesting or requiring genetic testing or information as a condition for providing services, including employment and insurance.
While it protects against discrimination in many areas, it does not cover situations where genetic information is used in cases involving existing health conditions or already present risks.
In Australia, genetic data is considered sensitive personal information under the Privacy Act 1988, and the Australian Privacy Principles (APPs) govern its use.
The law restricts collecting, using, and disclosing sensitive data, including genetic information.
Individuals must consent to using their genetic data, and organizations must take reasonable steps to protect this information.
However, there are exceptions, especially in research or public interest cases.
Australia’s genetic data protections may not extend to the private insurance sector, as insurers sometimes request genetic information for policy underwriting.
In most countries, there are no laws requiring citizens to share their genetic test results, regardless of the type of test.
Some healthcare insurance policies require individuals to share their family history for certain diseases or disabilities.
However, none make it compulsory to share genetic test results.
Even without DNA testing, many insurers evaluate an individual’s risk for health conditions using medical history, routine tests, and family history.
Despite the accessibility to genetic testing, a large section of the population does not willingly opt for it.
This may have to do with several misconceptions shrouding genetic testing.
Here are a few myths!
If you are keen on taking a genetic test, here are a few ways to protect your genetic privacy:
We recommend consulting a genetic counselor after taking a DNA test. They will help you decode your results and evaluate your risks for medical conditions or traits.
Genetic test results are largely protected and securely stored by most service providers.
You can rest assured that most insurers do not use DNA data against policyholders. Many insurance companies prioritize your actual health status over genetic predispositions.
Laws in several countries, such as GINA and GDPR, safeguard your rights and ensure your genetic information remains secure.
Do not let your fears and prevailing myths influence your wish to get a DNA test.
Genetic testing is an excellent way to stay informed and know more about your health, traits, and lifestyle factors.
In most countries, health insurers cannot use genetic test results to deny coverage or adjust premiums. Laws like GINA (U.S.), GDPR (Europe), and Canada’s Genetic Non-Discrimination Act protect against such discrimination. However, life and disability insurers may consider family history, so checking policy details is important.
Thankfully, insurance companies cannot access your DNA test results without your consent.
However, it is important to read and review the privacy policy of the test company.
Possibly. Unlike health insurance, life and disability insurers can consider genetic risk factors in some regions. Some countries have regulations preventing insurers from using genetic information, but others allow it under certain conditions. Always check with your insurance provider before applying for a policy.
Yes! Most health insurance policies do not factor in genetic test results. For life insurance, the impact depends on the insurer’s policies and country regulations. Discussing concerns with a licensed insurance expert before taking a test is always a good idea.
Not all DNA testing services offer the same level of data protection. Look for companies like Xcode Life that:
It is important to note that not all DNA testing services offer the same level of data protection or privacy.
This is why we recommend you look for companies like Xcode Life that:
