A vegan diet may have several benefits, such as reducing the risk of diabetes and heart and kidney disease and helping people lose weight. However, an unplanned vegan diet can result in nutritional deficiencies. In fact, some nutrients essential for the body are only found in animal products. In this article, we discuss whether vegans can be low on vitamin E and other nutrients and how to counter it.
Vitamin E falls under the group of fat-soluble vitamins.
This group also has vitamins A, D, and K besides vitamin E.
These vitamins play an important role in bodily functions and are best absorbed when taken with dietary fats.
Vitamin E, in particular, is an antioxidant.
This means it prevents free radical damage in your body and protects your cells.
Free radical damage can cause deadly diseases like cancer.
Vitamin E also supports metabolic functions, the immune system, gene expression, and cell signaling.
Daily dietary requirements of vitamin E can vary.
According to Australia's Nutrient Reference Value, these are the daily dietary dosages of vitamin E required in different groups of the population:
| Age Group | Vitamin E Requirement |
| Infants: less than 12 months old | 4-5 mg/day |
| Children: 1-10 years old | 5-8 mg/day |
| Adolescents: 14-18 years old | 8-10 mg/day |
| Adults: Above 19 years | 7-10 mg/day |
| Those who are pregnant and breastfeeding | 8-11 mg/day |
Vegans are usually not at a greater risk of being low on vitamin E.
Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin that is stored in the body.
This means your body has a reserve of vitamin E that can be used when you run low on this nutrient.
Many foods included in a vegan diet, such as vegetable oil, nuts, seeds, and whole grains, are good sources of vitamin E.
Vitamin E deficiency can occur if you have a genetic condition or a chronic disease that makes uptake of vitamin E difficult or if you eat a diet that is extremely low in fats.
Liver diseases, gallbladder diseases, and pancreatitis are some diseases that cause malabsorption of fats.
This can lead to vitamin E deficiency in the body.
You might notice these symptoms if you have a deficiency of vitamin E:
Vitamin E supplements are generally not recommended for vegans and non-vegetarians.
For those who don't have any absorption issues, vitamin E requirements can easily be met through a balanced diet that includes healthy fats.
A diet that includes unsaturated fats and oils can help vegans meet their daily vitamin E requirements.
Vitamin E supplements can result in toxicity since this is a fat-soluble vitamin stored in the body.
Vitamin E has a blood thinning effect.
This means that supplements might be dangerous for people who are on blood-thinning medications like Warfarin.
Too much vitamin E can reduce blood clotting time and result in excess bleeding.
If you want to start taking vitamin E supplements, it is best to consult your doctor first.
Did You Know? Even if you are on a healthy diet, you might be at risk for nutritional deficiencies due to hidden genetic variants that impact nutrient metabolism. This is why many people feel tired and are on low energy most of the time.
Vitamin E is found in several plant products, fruits, and vegetables.
| Food Item | Serving Size: Vitamin E Content |
| Sunflower seeds (dry roasted) | 1 ounce: 7.4 mg |
| Hazelnuts (dry roasted) | 1 ounce: 4.3 mg |
| Wheatgerm oil | 1 tablespoon (20 mg) |
| Avocado | Half a fruit: 2.1 mg |
| Broccoli (boiled) | ½ cup: 1.1 mg |
| Mango | ½ cup sliced: 0.7 |
Apart from vitamin E, here are a few more nutrients that are hard to get on a vegan diet:
Vegans are usually deficient in the following:
Some vegan-friendly foods that are rich in vitamin E are:
Vitamin E deficiency can cause infertility in both males and females.
This nutrient protects cell membranes.
In men, vitamin E deficiency can lead to low sperm count, poor sperm motility, and poor semen quality.
In females, vitamin E deficiency can cause eclampsia, premature delivery, and miscarriage.
Vitamin E deficiency can show certain symptoms, which can help you understand that you might be deficient in this nutrient.
If you experience muscle weakness, fatigue, mental confusion, and depression, you might be deficient in vitamin E.
However, having these symptoms can also indicate the presence of other disorders.
That's why it is best to consult your healthcare provider to determine whether you are suffering from low vitamin E levels.
Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays a vital role in the body's normal functioning.
Most people are not deficient in this nutrient since it is widely found in various food items, and the excess is stored in the body as a reserve.
Vegans are not at an increased risk of deficiency since vitamin E is found in many plant-based foods such as nuts, seeds, oils, and whole grains.
Those who suffer from a vitamin deficiency have an underlying condition or disease.
However, vegans can be deficient in other nutrients such as vitamin B12 and vitamin D.
Taking supplements can help counter this.
However, it is always recommended that you consult a doctor before starting any supplements.
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https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261561420306567
https://journals.eco-vector.com/1560-9596/article/view/112972
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21947532
Searching for a sugar substitute that won't compromise your health? The market is filled with options, but it can be overwhelming to choose the right one. Today, we're shedding light on the debate - Truvia vs stevia, two natural sweeteners that have gained popularity. Join us as we uncover the truth about these alternatives and discover which might be the healthier choice for your sugar cravings.
Many people today prefer a low-sugar, no-sugar, or no-carb diet due to the adverse effects of sugar consumption.
Sugar is a type of carbohydrate, just like fiber and starch. There are different types of natural sugars.
For example, sucrose is a natural sugar found in fruits, vegetables, grains, and even dairy products.
Other natural sugars include:
Sugars, in moderate quantities, are essential for the body.
While natural sugars are healthy for you, consuming foods with added sugars can cause high blood sugar, insulin resistance, obesity, heart issues, and dental cavities.
Finding a sugar alternative today is relatively easy; however, it is important to understand why we need them.
Sugar substitutes are synthetically prepared or plant-based substances used to sweeten food or enhance the flavor of food and beverages.
Sugar substitutes can be of 3 types:
Artificial sweeteners: Zero-calorie sugar substitutes that do not contain sugar or any beneficial nutrients, are usually produced in laboratories, and are regulated by the FDA.
Examples: Neotame, aspartame, saccharin, sucralose, acesulfame potassium (Ace-K), advantage
The World Health Organization’s cancer research arm has labeled aspartame a “possible carcinogen.” A committee of 25 international experts has determined that aspartame may "possibly" cause cancer in people. There are several views about the safety of artificial sweeteners. Some experts believe these sweeteners pose health hazards. Studies are ongoing to determine the health risks of artificial sweeteners on humans.
Sugar alcohols: Synthetic compounds similar to artificial sweeteners but are not as sweet. They are added to foods for enhanced texture and taste but may cause gastrointestinal irritation, bloating, gas, and diarrhea.
Examples: Maltitol, sorbitol, xylitol, isomalt, lactitol
Novel sweeteners: Sugar substitutes derived from natural sources that are calorie-free, thus not leading to weight gain or spikes in blood sugar levels.
Examples: Stevia, allulose, monk fruit
A Harvard study identified three sugar substitutes to be associated with health risks:
Stevia and monk fruit are “generally regarded as safe,” which means they are safe to consume.
Stevia is an all-natural, calorie-free sweetener derived from Stevia rebaudiana (a herb).
The herb contains rebaudioside A, the sweetest compound in the stevia leaf.
The FDA has labeled rebaudioside A as ‘generally recognized as safe (GRAS).’
Stevia is a versatile sweetener that can be used as a sugar substitute in cooking, baking, and preparation of beverages.
Compared to regular table sugar, stevia is way sweeter, and some people complain of a slightly bitter aftertaste.
Here are a few pros and cons of stevia:
| Pros | Cons |
| Vegan and vegetarian-friendly | Costlier than regular sugar |
| Provides sweetness with zero calories | Not all products contain pure stevia |
| Gluten-free, non-GMO | Difficult to bake with |
| Better for the environment |
Truvia is the brand name for a sugar alternative launched by the Cargill company in 2018.
It combines stevia leaf extract with erythritol (sugar alcohol) and added flavors.
The 3 g of carbohydrate in Truvia comes from erythritol.
But, since the body does not absorb this alcohol, Truvia is said to be zero calories.
| Pros | Cons |
| Gluten-free Organic and non-GMO | Costlier than sugar |
| Provides sweetness without calories | Known to cause gastrointestinal issues |
| Taste and texture similar to sugar | Some people complain of an unpleasant aftertaste |
A few health benefits of Truvia include:
May have anti-diabetic and anti-hyperglycemic effects
Erythritol is believed to have anti-diabetic and anti-hyperglycemic effects.
Since this sugar alcohol does not cause a rise in insulin levels or blood glucose levels, it may be a good sugar substitute for people with diabetes and prediabetes.
May improve dental health
Since Truvia does not contain sugar, it may reduce the incidence of tooth decay and cavities.
Research states that erythritol prevents the growth of Streptococcus mutans, a bacterium known to cause dental decay.
Some studies state that erythritol may have antioxidant properties.
| Stevia | Truvia | |
| Calories | 0 | 0 |
| Carbs | 1 g | 3 g |
| Fat | 0 g | 0 g |
| Protein | 0 g | 0 g |
| Fiber | 0 g | 0 g |
| Sodium | 0 mg | 0 mg |
| Vitamins and Minerals | 0 mg | 0 mg |
| Added sugar | nil | Erythritol (sugar alcohol) is added to stevia to make Truvia |
| Glycemic Index | 0 | 0 |
| Taste | Stevia liquid extract is considered to be 15 to 30 times sweeter than table sugar. Stevia powder is 200 to 300 times sweeter than sugar. | Sweeter than stevia. |
| Benefits | May be beneficial for glucose and insulin response May prevent dental caries May have a blood pressure-lowering effect | May have anti-diabetic and anti-hyperglycemic effects May improve dental health May have antioxidant properties |
| Side Effects | Some people may develop an allergy to stevia. | May impact gut health in some individuals May cause laxative effects May cause bloating, stomach pain, and gas, especially in people with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) |
A joint statement by the American Heart Association and American Diabetes Association said that stevia and a few other sugar substitutes may benefit people with diabetes.
However, they must be used in recommended amounts.
A few health benefits of stevia for people with diabetes include:
A 2016 study found that stevia leaf powder significantly lowered blood sugar levels in people with diabetes (fasting and post-prandial levels).
Like stevia, Truvia does not cause a rise in blood sugar levels, making it a safe sugar substitute for people with diabetes.
If you have diabetes or prediabetes or wish to manage your blood sugar levels, ask your doctor for the best possible sugar substitute.
Even though Truvia contains stevia, many nutritionists pick stevia as the better and safer option for consumption.
This is because stevia is less processed than Truvia and does not contain sugar alcohol like erythritol, which may cause gastrointestinal side effects.
Truvia’s erythritol content (a sugar alcohol) can cause digestive issues like bloating or diarrhea in some people, especially if consumed in large amounts. Additionally, Truvia is a processed product combining stevia extract with other ingredients, which may not appeal to those seeking a less refined sweetener.
There’s no one-size-fits-all “healthiest” sweetener. Plant-based options like stevia and monk fruit are generally recognized as safe and contain few or no calories. However, experts often emphasize using any sweetener in moderation and focusing on an overall balanced diet.
Highly purified stevia extracts are considered safe by the FDA, but whole-leaf or crude stevia is not approved for widespread use due to concerns about its possible effects on blood sugar, reproductive systems, and more. Some people also report a bitter or metallic aftertaste.
Is monk fruit better than stevia?
Both monk fruit and stevia are zero- or low-calorie sweeteners derived from plants. Evidence suggests neither is universally “better” than the other; it often comes down to personal taste, tolerance, and how each sweetener fits into an individual’s overall diet.
Stevia, monk fruit, and erythritol-based blends can all reduce added sugar in coffee. However, many health experts recommend gradually scaling back any sweetener to help reset taste preferences and encourage a more balanced diet overall.
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NMNH (reduced nicotinamide mononucleotide) is a reduced form of the popular supplement nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN). Both molecules boost the function of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), a coenzyme that helps energize you by regulating cellular processes. NAD+ levels decline with age, leading to age-related health issues. New research suggests that NMNH could boost NAD+ levels better than NMN can. If true, NMNH supplements could be a game changer to ward off age-related health infirmities. Here's what you need to know about them.
NMNH and NMN are both supplements that help boost NAD+ levels, but there are notable differences in how they work:
| Feature | NMN | NMNH |
| NAD+ boost | Moderate increase | Nearly 10x higher increase |
| Response time | Slower | Rapid, within 15 minutes |
| Lasting impact | Short | Last up to 24 hours |
| Dosage efficiency | Higher doses needed | Minimal dose sufficient |
| Tissue impact | Limited to certain tissues | Works across multiple tissues |
| Health benefits | Basic support for aging and cells | Stronger support for cellular health and aging |
| Absorption | Standard | More efficient due to reduced form |
| Energy and metabolism | General support | Extended energy and metabolism boost |
| DNA repair | Moderate | Enhanced |
Upon ingestion, NMNH is absorbed and converted into NAD+ through the action of nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase (NMNAT).
As NAD+ naturally decreases with age, cellular function and efficiency can decline.
Increasing NAD+ levels with NMNH helps support crucial processes like energy metabolism, DNA repair, and cellular maintenance.
This increase in NAD+ can help mitigate age-related declines in cellular function, promoting healthier aging at the cellular level.
NMNH is being studied for its ability to combat age-related decline, showing potential benefits at both cellular and systemic levels, such as:
While NMNH supplements are generally considered safe for most individuals, some may experience side effects, including:
NMNH should also be used cautiously by individuals with certain medical conditions, such as:
Note: Before starting NMNH, it's advisable to check with a healthcare provider, especially if you have any health conditions.
Nicotinamide riboside (NR) and NMNH are NAD+ precursors, yet they vary in chemical structure, metabolic pathways, and physiological effects.
Upon ingestion, the enzyme nicotinamide riboside kinase converts it into NMN, which then enters the NAD+ biosynthesis pathway.
It can be directly used in the NAD+ biosynthesis pathway without converting to NMN.
A 2021 study highlights that NMNH is more effective than NMN in boosting NAD+ levels.
Lab tests and studies on mice showed that NMNH increased NAD+ levels more efficiently in both cases.
Additionally, NMNH increased NADH, the reduced form of NAD+, which is essential for cell energy production.
It also impacted metabolism by slowing down key energy pathways, such as glucose breakdown and the citric acid cycle, to improve cellular health.
In lab experiments, NMNH caused cell cycle arrest and inhibited cell growth, while no significant change in mouse weight was observed.
While both NMN and NMNH enhance NAD+ levels, NMNH's effects may offer superior benefits for health and aging.
The FDA has banned NMN under the "drug exclusion clause" of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act).
According to section 201(ff)(3)(B) of the Act, any substance classified as an approved drug or tested as a new drug cannot be marketed as a dietary supplement.
Since NMN underwent clinical investigations before being sold as a supplement, the FDA determined it didn't qualify as a dietary supplement and banned it in the U.S. market.
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https://www.uthpeak.com/blog/what-is-nmnh-matter-for-your-health
https://www.uthpeak.com/nmnh-vs-nmn
https://downloads.regulations.gov/FDA-2023-S-0023-0084/attachment_1.pdf
https://www.healthline.com/health/nmn-nicotinamide-mononucleotide-benefits-side-effects-and-dosage
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6145238
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7384296
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33793246
https://www.fda.gov/media/131878/download
Experiencing bloating and tiredness after meals? Does your stomach ache, or do you find it hard to concentrate after eating certain foods? There might be a hidden cause – lectins. Though found in many healthy foods, lectins can cause problems for some people, like tummy troubles, skin issues, and feeling worn out. Keep reading to learn about lectins, which foods have lots of them, signs to watch for, and most importantly – what you can do if they're making you feel unwell. If you want to take charge of your health and feel better, this article gives simple tips and useful information about dealing with lectins.
Did You Know?
Certain gene changes can make you prone to food intolerance and drug allergies. These genes are mostly involved in immune system regulation, and changes in them may result in the immune system attacking some components in the food. You can use your ancestry genetic testing data to uncover this information. Learn more.
Lectin intolerance is a food sensitivity that occurs when certain people react badly to foods with lots of lectins.
Lectins are proteins in plants like beans, grains, fruits, and vegetables. They stick to carbohydrates in our guts, messing with how we absorb nutrients and causing digestive discomfort.
Lectins are stable in acidic environments, which is a protective feature for plants. However, this means that it is not easily broken down in the gut.
Hence, while lectins may be fine for most people, some might experience adverse reactions or other symptoms after consuming them.
Lectin intolerance can cause various symptoms, highlighting the significant impact on overall health and well-being.
Several commonly consumed foods have high levels of lectins. Here are 6 examples:
Adding to the list of foods already mentioned above as high in lectins, here are some more examples:
Understanding what might increase the risk of lectin intolerance is crucial for managing symptoms. Here are some potential factors:
The specific genes associated with lectin sensitivity are still being studied, but two genes might be involved:
Remember, lectin sensitivity involves many genes and other factors, and research is still ongoing to understand it better.
Bananas contain moderate lectins, but they are mostly harmless, called agglutinins. The human gut does not readily absorb these agglutinins, and they do not cause significant health problems for most people.
While coffee does contain lectins, the amount is generally considered low and not thought to be harmful to most people. Some studies suggest that coffee may have some health benefits, like lowering the risk of neurodegenerative diseases and type 2 diabetes.
There is no known way to flush lectins out of your body. Here's why:
Lectins do not negatively impact everyone. While some people may develop symptoms after eating lectin-containing foods, others can tolerate them without issue.
It's important to note that responses vary on an individual basis. Testing your sensitivity to lectins is essential.
Additionally, foods with lectins offer health benefits like antioxidants, stabilized insulin, and blood sugar regulation.
Research shows populations eating diets high in lectin-rich legumes, whole grains, and nuts have lower rates of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.
So, while lectins can cause problems for some, they also provide benefits.
It's best to consult a professional to determine if you can incorporate lectin-rich foods in moderation as part of an overall balanced approach.
Managing lectin intolerance involves alleviating symptoms rather than curing the underlying condition.
As many reported symptoms involve gastrointestinal distress, reducing or eliminating high-lectin foods from one's diet may provide relief.
Restricting the consumption of foods that worsen symptoms under a healthcare professional's instructions can help manage discomfort.
The goal is to identify and minimize the consumption of specific high-lectin foods that cause symptoms in each individual.
This personalized approach helps tune into the body's signals, control flare-ups, and improve overall wellness.
Reducing lectin intake can help alleviate discomfort for those sensitive to these compounds.
Here are some straightforward ways to lower your lectin consumption:
Note: It's best to consult a healthcare provider for personalized guidance, considering your health history and symptoms.
Lectin intolerance can cause digestive issues, fatigue, and brain fog in some individuals.
While lectins are found in various healthy foods, they can trigger reactions in sensitive individuals.
These plant proteins can bind to gut carbohydrates, potentially impacting nutrient absorption and causing discomfort.
Bloating, nausea, diarrhea, brain fog, anxiety, fatigue, skin issues, and disrupted sleep are potential signs of lectin intolerance.
Examples of high-lectin foods include red kidney beans, soybeans, wheat, peanuts, tomatoes, potatoes, and others.
Frequent antibiotic use, gut imbalances, leaky gut, plant-based diets high in lectins, and certain genes might increase the risk.
To reduce lectins, you can boil, soak, sprout, or choose processed beans. Depending on your sensitivity, you may also need to adjust your diet.
https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/anti-nutrients/lectins/
https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/foods-high-in-lectins
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10084985/
https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/dietary-lectins
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5960708/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21892520/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK5968/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11030554/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29590460/
In an ever-changing world, what if we told you there was technology that could analyze an individual’s gut biology and gain insights into their health? The friendly bacteria in your gut can help strengthen immunity and influence cognitive abilities. Gut bacteria also affect your risk for certain brain diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and autism. That’s what Viome, a health testing company in the United States, has set out to develop! Let's take a look at Viome reviews, highlighting what the internet has to say about them, and add our own two cents.
Viome is a health health testing company that uses mRNA (mitochondrial RNA) samples to identify the microbes in an individual’s gut.
With an in-depth gut microbiome analysis, the company allows individuals to identify their risk for chronic diseases and other health concerns, such as cancer and aging.
Viome offers personalized recommendations for nutrition, supplements, and precision therapeutics based on the test results.
The company's headquarters is in Washington, United States.
Most companies that offer microbiome testing use a person’s stool sample.
There are two types of fecal testing that a company may offer–
Here’s what a typical microbial testing looks like:
Viome uses AI and RNA sequencing to identify and quantify microbes.
These techniques can study various strains of viruses, bacteria, yeast species, and other parasites.
Viome test analyses how microbes function and the metabolites they produce.
The results are then used to control an individual’s gut microbiome and reduce the risk for chronic diseases.
The company claims to do this by offering food, lifestyle, and supplement recommendations tailored to an individual’s needs based on their test results.
Viome offers the following products:
A person provides blood or stool samples for this test to analyze their gut microbiome and gene expression.
The scores help individuals measure their stress, immune response, and mitochondrial and cellular health.
These scores also determine the person’s biological age and if it is the same as their chronological age.
This test requires a stool sample to assess gut microbiome health.
The individual receives a dietary recommendation chart with foods and supplements that they can benefit from and help optimize their gut health.
Based on test results, each individual receives a personalized and precise recommendation for supplements, including vitamins, food extracts, minerals, herbs, and probiotics.
These nutrients are formulated on demand and can be shipped directly to the individual every month.
Viome’s personalized probiotic and prebiotic formulas promote microbial richness and diversity, supporting gut health and total body wellness.
Viome offers a one-time purchase of tests and also allows plans on a subscription.
The subscription plans may include probiotic and prebiotic supplements and annual tests.
Once you book your test or subscribe to the annual plan, follow the instructions and send the required samples to the lab.
The test results will be available around four weeks after the lab receives the samples.
You can see your results online on the company website or the app.
Viome performs their test analyses at a CLIA-certified US laboratory in Bothell, WA.
The lab is certified to meet certain quality standards and ensure the accuracy and reliability of results.
There have been a few negative reviews about Viome due to the delayed test results.
Though many people have positively reviewed how a Viome test result has improved their health, more research is required to prove this.
Let’s dive deep into reviews and reports about how Viome may improve health.
Since all the authors of the above studies were employees of Viome and the company sponsored these studies, there is bias, and the results may not be reliable.
Our Take: While some studies have highlighted the effectiveness of Viome tests, these are limited in both quantity and scale. Substantial clinical research and validation will be needed before Viome can reliably support individuals in transforming their gut health and reducing their risk for chronic conditions.
The pricing of different Viome tests is given below:
| Type of Test | Price (in USD) |
| Full Body Health Solutions | $169.15/month |
| Full Body Intelligence Test (Test Only) | $299 |
| Gut Health Solutions | $67.15/month |
| Gut Intelligence Test (Test Only) | $279 |
| Oral Health Solutions | $67.15/month |
| Oral Health Intelligence Test (Test Only) | $259 |
| Precision Supplements | $126.65/month |
| VRx My·Biotics™ Gut Formula | $67.15/month |
| VRx My·Biotics™ Toothpaste & Gel | $67.15/month |
| CancerDetect Test for Oral and Throat Cancer | $599 |
There are several pros and cons that you must consider before opting to undergo a Viome test.
The Better Business Bureau has not accredited Viome.
However, it has given Viome an A+ rating.
The company has also resolved 52 complaints over the last 3 years.
However, the company scored 1.24 out of 5 stars from 59 customer reviews.
People who reported improvement in conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease gave positive reviews.
Most negative reviews highlighted the following reasons:
While Viome has mixed reviews on Reddit, most people were unhappy with the company’s test, processing time, and results.
There is speculation that Viome themselves have pushed artificial positive reviews on Reddit.
Some customers are unhappy with the “unscientific” nature of the test results.
Some individuals have stated that their Viome test helped them better understand their body and gut health.
The affordability of Viome tests works in favor of the company as well.
The primary difference between Viome and EverlyWell is that Viome provides personalized dietary recommendations based on gut microbiome analysis.
Everlywell, on the other hand, provides general recommendations for improving gut health.
Since Viome offers personalized recommendations, they may be more effective in improving gut health.
Viome tests are not FDA-approved and, therefore, are not recommended for diagnosis of conditions.
However, Viome recently received an FDA Breakthrough Device Designation for its saliva tool, which can help screen for oral cancers.
After the lab receives the sample, it may take around 4 weeks for the results to become available online- on the company website or the app.
Here are a four few things to keep in mind before taking a Viome test:
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The curly girl method took the internet by storm and became a much-needed blessing for all those flaunting their gorgeous curls. It has helped enhance the look of the natural curls for many. But the hair products are definitely not the roots of curly hair. Your hair texture is predominantly genetic, and the curly hair gene is more dominant than the straight hair gene.
Understanding your hair type helps explain how genetics influence your locks. Hair is commonly categorized using the Andre Walker Hair Typing System, which ranges from Type 1 (straight) to Type 4 (coily). Here's a simple breakdown:
| Different Types Of Hair Patterns | |
| Type 1: Straight Hair Straight hair is smooth and lacks any natural curl or wave. It's known for its sleek appearance and ability to reflect light, giving it a shiny look. | |
| 1A | Very straight and fine, with little volume or body |
| 1B | Straight but with more texture and medium thickness |
| 1C | Straight with coarse strands, prone to slight waves and frizz |
| Type 2: Wavy Hair Wavy hair sits between straight and curly hair types. It has an "S" shape and can range from loose, subtle waves to more defined ones. | |
| 2A | Soft, loose waves with a fine texture |
| 2B | Defined "S"-shaped waves, more prone to frizz |
| 2C | Deep waves nearing curls, thick and resilient hair |
| Type 3: Curly Hair Curly hair forms distinct loops and spirals. The curls can vary from loose rings to tight corkscrews. | |
| 3A | Large, loose curls about the size of sidewalk chalk |
| 3B | Bouncy ringlets similar in size to a marker |
| 3C | Tight curls the diameter of a pencil, voluminous and springy |
| Type 4: Coily Hair Coily hair, also known as kinky or afro-textured hair, features tight curls in a zigzag pattern. The strands are densely packed and can shrink significantly when dry due to the tight curl pattern. | |
| 4A | Dense, spring-like coils about the size of a crochet needle |
| 4B | Z-shaped coils with sharp angles and less defined patterns |
| 4C | Tightly coiled with minimal definition, highly prone to shrinkage |
Genetics plays a crucial role in determining various characteristics of your hair. Here are some key aspects influenced by your genetic makeup:
The shape of your hair follicles—determined by genetics—largely dictates whether your hair is straight, wavy, curly, or coily. Round follicles produce straight hair, while oval or twisted follicles result in wavy or curly hair.
Natural hair color depends on the type and amount of melanin pigments. Genes influence whether you have more eumelanin (leading to black or brown hair) or pheomelanin (resulting in red or blonde hair).
Genetic factors determine the thickness of individual hair strands and the overall density of hair follicles on your scalp.
The rate at which your hair grows and its maximum potential length are genetically predetermined. Genes influence the duration of the anagen (growth) phase of the hair cycle, affecting how long your hair can grow.
Conditions like androgenetic alopecia (male or female pattern baldness) are influenced by genetics. Specific genes can make hair follicles more sensitive to hormones like dihydrotestosterone (DHT), leading to gradual hair thinning and loss.
The onset of graying is also genetically controlled. Genes affect the decline in melanin production over time, which causes hair to lose its color and turn gray or white.
Yes, curly hair is genetic - however, there’s no one single gene responsible for it.
The genetics behind hair curliness is complex and multifactorial.
Several genes have been implicated in determining hair texture, but a prominent one that has been studied in relation to hair curliness is the TCHH (trichohyalin) gene.
The protein produced by the TCHH gene plays a role in the development of the hair shaft.
It is localized in the inner root sheath of hair follicles.
Variations or differences in this gene have been associated with the difference in hair curliness across populations.
A 2009 study identified a genetic variant in the TCHH gene that is responsible for 6% of the variance in curly, wavy, and straight hair.
However, it's essential to understand that the presence or absence of this variant doesn't guarantee straight or curly hair but rather influences the odds.
Other genes like EDAR and FGFR2 have also been linked to hair texture.
The interplay between multiple genes, each with its variants, determines the final hair phenotype, making the genetics of hair curliness a complex trait.
Curly hair, from a genetic standpoint, tends to be a dominant trait.
Dominant traits are those that overpower recessive ones. Dominant traits need only a single copy from either biological parent to be expressed.
On the other hand, recessive traits need two copies, one from each biological parent, to be expressed.
Straight hair is a recessive trait.
However, like many genetic traits, hair type isn’t a straightforward dominant or recessive game.
If both parents have a combination of genes (one for straight and one for curly hair), their offspring can exhibit a range of hair textures.
Even within families with a strong prevalence of curly hair, hair type could vary significantly, emphasizing the complex interplay of genes.
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Some reports say that less than 20% of the world’s population have proper curly hair, making it rarer than straight or wavy hair.
The hair spectrum includes rare types like Type 1c (straight and thick) and Type 4c (tight coils with zigs and zags).
The prevalence of these types varies by ethnicity and region.
Genetics lays the foundation, but environment and lifestyle choices build upon it.
Hormonal changes, nutritional choices, stress, and even hair care routines can shift hair texture over time.
For instance, prolonged exposure to humidity or salty water can influence hair’s texture.
Prolonged heat treatments or chemical applications can lead to a permanent change in hair type.
Additionally, hormonal fluctuations, especially during pregnancy or menopause, can lead to hair texture modifications.
While genetics favor curly hair offspring, if one or both parents possess curly hair, it isn’t absolute.
Genes can sometimes skip generations.
So, even if your parents do not have curly hair if someone in the previous generations did, there’s a chance of you having curly hair.
Both parents contribute genes, so neither parent singularly determines curly hair.
It’s the combination of genes from both that paints the final picture.
Absolutely. The mystery of genetics means that if both parents carry the recessive curly hair gene, their child could very well sport a curly mane.
Naturally, curly hair is relatively common but varies by population and ethnicity.
Globally, it's estimated that about 11% of people have naturally curly hair.
The prevalence can be higher or lower in specific regions due to genetic diversity and ancestral backgrounds.
Curly hair is found across all ethnicities, though its prevalence and type can vary.
It is common among people of African descent, who often have tightly coiled hair.
Wavy and curly hair types are also prevalent in Middle Eastern, European, South Asian, and Latin American populations due to diverse genetic backgrounds.
Our hair's texture, whether curly or straight, often prompts the question: "Is hair type genetic?" Delving into the science behind our locks reveals that genes, such as TCHH, play a crucial role in shaping our hair's form, confirming that curly hair is genetic. While genetics typically suggests that curly traits tend to dominate, it's not the sole influencer. Environment and lifestyle choices weave into the narrative, adding depth to the story of every curl and strand.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5173315/
https://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1006594
https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/tchh/
