While you cannot reverse an MTHFR mutation, you can follow the MTHFR diet to manage your symptoms. The MTHFR diet will help tackle the nutritional deficiencies that come with an MTHFR mutation and reduce the risk of developing complications in the long run.
About Xcode Life's MTHFR And Methylation Report
The Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene produces an enzyme of the same name.
This enzyme is involved in methylation, a metabolic process that converts dietary folate (vitamin B9) into its active form, L-Methylfolate.
The MTHFR mutations don’t cause health problems on their own.
However, it can interfere with specific body processes and impair nutrient absorption.
This is why dietary intervention is essential when you have a variant of the MTHFR gene.
You can have one (heterozygous) or two (homozygous) mutations in the MTHFR gene.
The types of mutation on the MTHFR gene are:
Genetic mutations are inherited from parents.
You can either have both variants or one from either of your parents.
If you have an MTHFR gene mutation, your body cannot properly metabolize folic acid into its active form, folate.
This can cause a folate deficiency in the body, along with other nutritional deficiencies.
Vitamin deficiency can increase the risk of cardiovascular and nervous system disorders.
Also, the MTHFR gene is involved in methylation and conversion of homocysteine into methionine.
Methionine is required for proper muscle growth and functioning.
Those with an MTHFR mutation have problems in methylation and fail to eliminate toxins from the body.
Methylation tests are done to evaluate the functionality of the methylation process in the body.
Methylation tests can measure various biomarkers in the body and detect abnormalities.
DNA methylation and homocysteine testing are some of the various methylation tests available.
The DNA methylation test can screen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or genetic changes affecting metabolism, detoxification, hormone balance, etc.
While there’s no specific genetic test to determine if you have the MTHFR mutation, a methylation genetic test can detect abnormalities in biomarkers and a possible mutation in this gene.
People living with a variant MTHFR gene can have difficulty eliminating toxins from the body.
The Mediterranean diet is rich in fruits, vegetables, and healthy fights and has numerous health benefits.
It can reduce oxidative stress and inflammation associated with an MTHFR mutation.
Also, it can provide adequate nutrition to those with an MTHFR gene mutation.
While evidence suggests a connection between MTHFR mutations, the Mediterranean diet, and obesity, more research is needed to fully understand the complex interactions between these factors and their impact on weight regulation and metabolic health.
Personalized dietary and lifestyle interventions, as well as genetic counseling, may be beneficial for individuals with an MTHFR mutation who are struggling with obesity or weight management.
Here are a few foods that you should avoid if you have an MTHFR gene variant:
Xcode Life's MTHFR and Methylation Report: 15 Genes - 68 Variants - $50 $30
Individuals with MTHFR mutation might have difficulty getting the required folate from their diets.
Methylfolate and vitamin B12 supplements can be beneficial for such people.
However, talk to your doctor before starting any supplements.
This ensures that you take the correct dosage of these supplements.
The MTHFR diet may be recommended for people who live with the MTHFR genetic variants.
Those with a mutation in this gene cannot properly metabolize the amino acid homocysteine.
It can lead to a variety of health conditions ranging from depression to coronary heart disease.
They are recommended the MTHFR diet to offset nutritional deficiencies associated with this genetic condition and to prevent further complications or diseases.
Studies suggest that coffee can increase the homocysteine levels in those with the MTHFR C677T mutation.
So, moderating caffeine consumption may help such individuals.
However, the study also reported that folic acid can help counteract the homocysteine-increasing effects of coffee.
Egg yolks are some of the best sources of the nutrient choline.
Choline helps metabolize homocysteine, an excessive amino acid in people with the MTHFR mutation.
So, ensure that you include eggs in your MTHFR diet.
The MTHFR genetic mutation can cause a deficiency in the B vitamins.
Hence, vitamins B12 and B6 supplements are best for MTHFR genetic mutation.
Genetic mutations are inherited from parents when you are born.
While it is impossible to reverse MTHFR mutation, you can still manage and overcome your symptoms by making several dietary changes.
Medications that reduce the absorption of B vitamins, such as antacids, metformin, and oral contraceptive pills.
Medications that increase homocysteine, including nitrous oxide.
Always talk to your healthcare provider before you decide to stop taking any medication.
The MTHFR gene can undergo mutation, resulting in folate and other nutritional deficiencies in the body.
We recommend following an MTHFR diet to compensate for them and reduce the risk of developing long-term complications.
An MTHFR diet consists of foods high in folate and vitamin B12 since those with the mutation can often have deficiencies for these mutations.
Foods with folic acid and those that can cause inflammation are best avoided.
You can start taking supplements if you have the MTHFR gene mutation.
However, we recommend talking to your healthcare provider before starting any supplements.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10385141
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32722170
It was long assumed that genes that contribute to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) affect the gut and bowel. However, research reveals that most of the genes appear to have roles in the brain and the nerves that supply the gut. Considering these genetic influences, is it possible that IBS has a hereditary component to it? This article discusses both the genetic and environmental contributors to IBS, aiming to provide a clearer understanding of its potential hereditary nature and its impact on your health.
IBS is a well-known condition affecting the digestive system, particularly the stomach and intestines.
It causes abdominal discomfort, such as cramps, pain, bloating, gas, and irregular bowel motions. The intensity differs from person to person.
IBS is chronic, which means it lasts for an extended period of time. While it might be annoying, most people with IBS do not have severe symptoms.
Managing food, lifestyle, and stress can often successfully control symptoms. In some circumstances, medication and treatment may be necessary.
IBS doesn't damage your gut or raise your risk of colon cancer. The focus is on managing symptoms and living well through self-care and medical help.
Research suggests that genes play a part in how likely you are to get IBS.
Imagine each gene as a single brick.
One brick alone might not build a wall, but many working together can create a big barrier. That's how genes in IBS work.
Lots of tiny genetic influences, called polygenes, can raise your risk.
In rare cases, a single faulty gene might be the culprit. But for most people, it's a combination of many smaller genetic effects.
Scientists are still figuring out which specific genes are involved, and so far, they've found very few that definitively contribute to IBS risk.
One exception is a gene called TNFSF15, which appears to promote inflammation in the gut.
There's another layer to the story: epigenetics. These are changes that switch genes on or off without altering the actual DNA code.
For example, early life stress might cause epigenetic changes that make you more prone to IBS later on.
While genes influence IBS risk, your environment and lifestyle also play a significant part.
Researchers recently conducted a genome-wide association study to identify genes that might influence IBS risk.
This investigation involved over 53,400 individuals with IBS and compared them to a control group of 433,201 participants.
The study identified six specific genetic variations (NCAM1, CADM2, PHF2/FAM120A, DOCK9, CKAP2/TPTE2P3, and BAG6) associated with an increased risk of IBS.
Interestingly, these genes were not directly related to gut function itself. Instead, these genes primarily involve brain function and nerve signaling to the gut.
This finding highlights the importance of the brain-gut axis in IBS.
The study also found a strong correlation between IBS risk and genes associated with anxiety, neuroticism, and depression.
This suggests that shared pathways might underlie both IBS and these mental health conditions rather than anxiety simply causing IBS symptoms.
Further research is needed to understand the exact mechanisms by which these genes influence brain-gut communication in IBS.
IBS appears to run in families, suggesting genetic and environmental influences.
Several studies have explored the familial patterns of IBS, indicating a higher risk among relatives of affected individuals.
Older research from 2008 found a stronger IBS relationship in parents and siblings, especially between mothers and sisters, than in offspring.
This suggests that immediate family members, particularly those with close genetic ties, are at a higher risk.
A 2010 study quantified the strength of family influence, indicating that individuals with relatives who have IBS are 2–3 times more likely to develop the condition themselves.
This study did not find that spouses of those with IBS have a higher risk.
Researchers recognized the clear family association but were uncertain how much was due to genetic factors versus shared household environmental exposure.
Furthermore, a 2014 study found that the risk of IBS is higher among:
This suggests a potential genetic influence. However, the study also found that spouses of people with IBS are more likely to have the condition, implying significant nongenetic factors like shared environment or lifestyle.
IBS strikes most often in teens and young adults, although it can occur at any age. It's less likely to begin after 50.
Affecting women twice as frequently as men, IBS impacts a significant portion of the U.S. population, with estimates suggesting 10-15% experience its symptoms.
This prevalence makes it the leading reason for gastroenterologist consultations.
While genetics play a role in IBS, other factors can significantly influence its development. Since IBS is a functional GI disorder, the focus lies on the gut-brain connection.
Here's what can contribute to IBS symptoms:
These factors highlight the complex connection between the gut and brain, which causes IBS symptoms.
Irritable bowel syndrome may lack a permanent cure, but effective management strategies exist to reduce symptoms and improve your quality of life significantly. The specific approach often depends on the severity of your IBS.
Focusing on stress management and lifestyle adjustments can be highly beneficial for milder cases. This might include:
Dietary changes often involve eliminating:
A dietitian can assist in developing a personalized plan to ensure you receive the necessary nutrients.
For more severe IBS, counseling can be a valuable tool, particularly if stress or mental health concerns are contributing factors. Additionally, various medications might be prescribed by your doctor, including:
There are also medications specifically designed for IBS, such as:
Researchers are exploring fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), which involves transplanting processed stool from a healthy donor to restore gut bacterial balance.
While still under investigation, FMT holds potential as a future option.
Even with hereditary influences, IBS can be effectively managed through a combination of diet, lifestyle, stress reduction, and potentially medication.
Make sure to always consult a healthcare professional before beginning any treatment plan.
Hand-picked Article For You: 10 Important Signs That Could Indicate An Unhealthy Gut
While hereditary IBS cannot be entirely prevented, certain dietary choices may help reduce the risk or alleviate symptoms.
A study released in 2019 via NCBI indicates that polyphenols, with their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, may help protect against IBS.
Polyphenols, found in various foods, have been shown to help protect against gastrointestinal disorders.
Incorporating these polyphenol-rich foods into your diet may lower the risk of developing IBS or lessen its symptoms.
Sources of polyphenols include:
Although genetic factors contribute to IBS, adopting a diet rich in polyphenols could be a beneficial strategy in managing and possibly preventing hereditary IBS.
Despite a possible genetic link to IBS, diagnosing it doesn't involve genetic testing. Instead, physicians concentrate on your symptoms.
They will inquire about persistent stomach discomfort, bloating, and alteration in bowel habits (diarrhea or constipation) that have lasted at least six months.
A physical examination might assist in ruling out other causes, and you may be asked about your family's health history.
Blood and stool tests are also common to exclude other conditions with similar symptoms.
Ultimately, the diagnosis relies on understanding how your pain relates to bowel movements, frequency, consistency, lifestyle, and dietary habits.
So, while genes may be a factor, a DNA swab is optional. Your experience and ruling out other conditions take center stage in diagnosing IBS.
While IBS can run in families, it's a complex case of inheriting the condition. The answer to "Is IBS hereditary?" is more complicated.
Research suggests genetics contribute to IBS susceptibility. Multiple genes, each with a small influence, can combine to increase your risk.
Interestingly, these genes are more related to brain function and nerve signaling in the gut than gut function, highlighting the mind-gut connection in IBS.
Family studies also show a higher risk of IBS among relatives of affected individuals, but spouses of people with IBS aren't necessarily at higher risk. This suggests environmental factors, like shared diet or stress, might also play a part.
Even with a genetic predisposition, there's hope! Effective management strategies, such as dietary changes, stress reduction, and medication, can significantly improve one's quality of life.
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/ibs-vs-colon-cancer
https://medicalnewstoday.com/articles/is-ibs-genetic
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3056499
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/irritable-bowel-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20360016
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-021-00950-8
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2873036
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2875200
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24694578
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4752571
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6895345
https://www.healthline.com/health/ibs/is-ibs-hereditary
From connecting with long-lost relatives to a unique gifting option, ancestry DNA testing kits have become increasingly popular. Among the many companies offering ancestry genetic testing services, 23andMe and MyHeritage stand out as two of the most well-known options. Whether you're interested in tracing your family tree, discovering distant relatives, or understanding your genetic predispositions, choosing the right service is crucial. In this article, we'll compare 23andMe and MyHeritage, examining their features, benefits, and key differences to help you decide which one is the best fit for your needs.
Did You Know?
You can download your DNA data from your ancestry test provider and use it to learn everything about your health and wellness, from disease risk and sleep disorders to optimal nutrition and MTHFR status.
23andMe is a biotechnology and personal genomics company that was founded in 2006. It is based out of California and claims to have sold over 12 million DNA kits to date. The brand offers four different services.
MyHeritage is a freemium (free + paid service) genealogy company based out of Israel. The company was founded in 2003 and claims to have access to 18.8 billion historical records collected worldwide.
The company also has 105 million users and offers information in 42 languages.
MyHeritage DNA kit comes with the following features.
Free Tools For 23andMe, AncestryDNA Raw Data Analysis
When you compare MyHeritage vs 23andMe, there are a few similarities to be aware of.
Both are personal genomics companies and offer detailed ancestry exploration services.
The kits from both these companies can be ordered online and received via post. You have to collect the DNA sample and mail it back for the companies to start analyzing.
Both these companies have yearly subscription models, where you can explore your family history and ancestry details throughout the year and keep finding relatives from across the world.
There are a lot of significant differences when you compare MyHeritage vs 23andMe, and the major pointers are captured in the table below.
| Features | 23andMe | MyHeritage |
| DNA sample collected | Saliva | Cheek swab |
| Basic kit prices | Ancestry - $99 | Health + Ancestry - $199 | MyHeritage DNA kit - $89 + shipping |
| Subscription costs | $219 for the kit + $69 for the yearly membership per year | $129 - $299/year |
| Results in | 4-5 weeks | 3-4 weeks |
| Number of years of existence as of 2024 | 18 years | 21 years |
| Types of test | Autosomal DNAmtDNAY-DNA | Autosomal DNA |
| Database size | 2000+ geographical regions | 42 ethnicities and 2,114 regions |
| Products/tools available | Ancestry reports, Family tree, DNA relative finder, Trait reports, Health predisposition reports, Carrier status reports, Traits reports, Wellness reports, Pharmacogenetics reports | Ancestry reports, Family tree, DNA relative finder, Deep Story, AI Time Machine |
| Raw data available for download | Yes | Yes |
| Download Guide | Accessing 23andMe Raw DNA | Accessing MyHeritage DNA File |
If you are looking for exclusive ancestry data, compared to 23andMe, MyHeritage may provide slightly more advanced tools and a more extensive database.
The larger the database, the more accurate the ancestry results could be. The addition of tools like the AI Time Machine, Deep Story, and Ethnicity estimate can also make a MyHeritage account more attractive.
From the ancestry point of view, MyHeritage could provide you with more tools to explore your background.
Some of the tools provided can be accessed for free after creating an account on MyHeritage, which is an advantage.
However, for every other part of personal genomic testing, including health and wellness predisposition, carrier status, and traits, 23andMe could be your only choice.
By choosing the health + ancestry kit from 23andMe, you can access multiple tools and get hundreds of personalized reports.
MyHeritage discontinued its health DNA kits a while back.
So, if you want to understand health predispositions, the traits attached to your ancestry, or how your genes affect your lifestyle choices, then 23andMe should be your choice.
When you compare MyHeritage vs 23andMe, the latter has a slightly better user interface that makes it easy to explore the tools.
Out of the hundreds of reports generated by 23andMe, about 54 of them are FDA-approved.
When you opt for the subscription plan from 23andMe, you can get access to pharmacogenetic reports that may help understand your body’s reaction to different drugs.
In total, the 23andMe health + ancestry kit is more holistic, and you get access to varied categories of reports and tools that MyHeritage doesn’t offer.
Yes. You can submit a request to download DNA raw data in your account on 23andMe. The files are usually sent to the associated email ID within an hour.
To get your 23andMe raw data, follow the instructions from this page:
How to download your 23andMe Raw Data for 3000+ Health Reports
MyHeritage’s ethnicity estimate and ethnicity map are both slightly more insightful. Also, the database used by this brand is more expansive than that used by 23andMe.
MyHeritage offers basic information on most tools without a premium subscription. Unless you want to explore some of the information in-depth, you can get away without subscribing.
For instance, the family tree software of MyHeritage allows you to create a tree with 250 members for free without needing to subscribe.
You can also use many of the photo tools without a premium subscription.
Yes. MyHeritage lets you download DNA raw data to a computer or an Android device.
MyHeritage DNA kits may be a cheaper yet better option for people looking exclusively for ancestry information.
For people interested in learning about how their genes affect other aspects of their lives, including health and wellness, 23andMe kits work the best.
Magnesium is an all-rounder mineral that plays a crucial role in everything from supporting our heart and brain functioning to maintaining our muscle and bone health. Despite its importance, statistics suggest that almost 50% of Americans aren't getting enough magnesium daily. This shortfall can lead to a host of health issues. From sleep disturbances to muscle cramps, this article discusses 11 warning signs of magnesium deficiency and how to ensure you get enough of this essential mineral.
Magnesium supports the function of over 300 enzymes that play a role in numerous body processes like liver detox and digestion, making this mineral essential for a healthy body.
Some key roles of magnesium include supporting muscle relaxation, energy production, bone health, nervous system functioning, and heart health.
Hence, a deficiency of this mineral can wreak havoc on the body.
Magnesium deficiency occurs in the following situations:
Let’s discuss the causes and risk factors of each
Once magnesium enters the body, it must be taken to all the correct places, and enough of it should be reabsorbed in the kidneys during excretion.
Certain genes influence this process:
People with variations in these genes may be at a higher risk of magnesium deficiency due to poor regulation in the body.
Hand-picked Article For You: How Genes Influence Magnesium Requirements
Inadequate magnesium in the diet, certain health conditions and medications, excess excretion, and variations in genes that regulate magnesium levels can all deplete magnesium in the body.
It is important to note that phytic acid and insoluble fiber have numerous health benefits and should be part of your daily diet.
Overconsumption should be avoided to prevent the blocking of magnesium absorption.
Cramping and twitching of muscles is often a sign of magnesium deficiency.
Studies indicate that this could result from an imbalance between calcium and magnesium levels, resulting in excess flow of calcium into nerve cells.
This can overstimulate them, causing them to twitch and cramp.
Fatigue describes both physical and mental exhaustion.
Magnesium is crucial for energy production as it is involved in ATP (energy molecule) synthesis.
Thus, its deficiency can bring energy levels down.
Further, magnesium also impacts potassium levels, which is associated with muscle fatigue.
Magnesium is involved in muscle relaxation, which includes the inner walls of blood vessels.
When the body doesn’t have enough magnesium, the blood vessels may not relax well.
This can cause high blood pressure, increasing the workload on the heart.
Research suggests that magnesium supplements can, in fact, help lower both systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
The favorite nutrient for our bones is calcium and calcium cannot get its work done without magnesium.
Magnesium also helps convert vitamin D to its active form, which is required for calcium absorption.
If deficient in magnesium, it can result in lower levels of calcium, making the bones brittle and weak, thereby increasing the risk of osteoporosis.
Magnesium helps the nervous system relax by regulating the activity of key brain chemicals (neurotransmitters) like serotonin and GABA.
Magnesium deficiency could disrupt the neurotransmitter balance, causing mood swings and irritability and increasing the risk of various conditions like anxiety and depression.
A severe magnesium deficiency may result in irregular heartbeats or heart arrhythmia.
Magnesium plays a role in muscle contraction - even the heart muscles. Further, the heart rhythm is maintained by important electrolytes like sodium and potassium.
Hence, optimal levels of magnesium is crucial to lower the risk of arrhythmias.
Magnesium deficiency can increase asthma risk by constricting the airways in the lungs (due to calcium buildup).
A type of magnesium supplement is used in asthma treatment as it helps relax the lung muscles, allowing free air flow.
Melatonin is a hormone that promotes sleepiness.
Magnesium appears to affect melatonin levels, which, in turn, can affect sleep.
Further, magnesium also directly affects sleep through unknown pathways.
Studies suggest that taking magnesium along with melatonin supplements can enhance its sleep-promoting effects.
Magnesium’s role extends to the digestive system as well. It plays a key role in aiding digestion and regulating appetite.
Lower levels of this enzyme can result in inadequate production of digestive enzymes, leading to nausea and loss of appetite.
Calcium is required for signaling in the nerve cells - how they send and receive messages.
Adequate magnesium levels are necessary for calcium to function properly.
When there’s magnesium deficiency, it may cause abnormal nerve function, leading to numbness and tingling, commonly experienced as “pins and needles” sensation.
Magnesium deficiency is common in people with type 2 diabetes.
This is because magnesium increases the sensitivity of fat cells to insulin thereby promoting glucose uptake and reducing blood sugar levels.
Identify your genetic risk factors for magnesium deficiency with a nutrition genetic test
*reports are generated only using ancestry test DNA data. xcode does not ship out DNA kits.
| Age range | Males (in mg) | Females (in mg) | Pregnancy (in mg) | Lactation (in mg) |
| Birth - 6 months | 30 | 30 | ||
| 7-12 months | 75 | 75 | ||
| 1 - 3 years | 80 | 80 | ||
| 4 - 8 years | 130 | 130 | ||
| 9 - 13 years | 240 | 240 | ||
| 14 - 18 years | 410 | 360 | 400 | 360 |
| 19 - 30 years | 400 | 310 | 350 | 310 |
| 31 - 50 years | 420 | 320 | 360 | 320 |
| > 50 years | 420 | 320 |
Source: ResearchGate
It is important to consult a doctor if you identify signs of magnesium deficiency.
Consuming a diet rich in magnesium or taking supplements (prescribed by a doctor) can help overcome mahogany deficiency.
Further, lifestyle tweaks like cutting down on alcohol, consuming less caffeine, and stress management can also help boost magnesium levels.
By incorporating magnesium-rich foods throughout your day, you can meet 100% of your magnesium requirements.
Here’s a way you can do that:
Magnesium supplements can take a week to start showing results, and it can take around 4 weeks for magnesium levels to come back to normal.
In certain cases of chronic magnesium deficiency, it may take up to 40 weeks.
https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/magnesium-deficiency-symptoms
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322191
https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional
https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/trpm6
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/846
https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/magnesium-deficiency-symptoms
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10506126
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8108907
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8313472
https://academic.oup.com/qjmed/article/111/11/759/4209351
Did you know that dandruff impacts 50% of the world's population? It results in flakes on the hair and shoulders, along with itching and scalp irritation. Dandruff can have various causes, such as dry skin, fungal infection, or sensitivity to hair products. But is dandruff genetic? Can you inherit it from your parents or pass it on to your children? Read on to explore the possible genetic factors behind dandruff and learn how to prevent and treat it.
Dandruff is not really about your hair but about your skin - specifically, the skin on your scalp.
It has nothing to do with over-shampooing your hair. Dandruff occurs when dead skin cells on the scalp are shed at a faster rate.
Here are some common reasons why one may experience dandruff:
Scientists have found evidence suggesting dandruff may have a genetic component.
They identified 487 genetic markers linked to a higher chance of having dandruff.
This means if someone in your family has it, you have a higher likelihood of getting it.
These genetic factors can affect the immune response and skin cell turnover, leading to the development of dandruff.
However, genes are not the sole contributors. Factors like lifestyle and environment also play a role in this condition.
We still need more research to fully understand how genes and other elements work together to cause dandruff.
One potential reason for dandruff is linked to how our genes interact with tiny living things called microbes on the scalp.
Similar to the way microbes reside in our gut, they also live on our scalp.
Some individuals may have variations or changes in genes related to immune responses or skin barrier function.
This potentially could lead to an exaggerated inflammatory response to fungal colonization on the scalp, which is a common trigger for dandruff.
Although scientists are unsure why some people are sensitive to these microbes, and others aren't, it's possible that genetics play a role in determining this sensitivity.
Certainly, dandruff can be inherited, with sensitivity to oleic acid being a contributing factor.
This sensitivity arises from the interaction between a naturally occurring microbe (Malassezia globosa) and scalp oils (sebum).
The development of dandruff is influenced by this genetic predisposition, which can be passed down from parents.
Therefore, for around 50% of the global population, the tendency to experience dandruff may be hereditary.
Those lacking sensitivity to oleic acid are less prone to dandruff.
Did You Know?
Many aspects of your skin health and aging, including the risk for conditions like adult acne, rosacea, tanning, and the likelihood of premature wrinkles, stretch marks, cellulite, etc., are highly influenced by your genes. You can learn in-depth about your skin using your existing ancestry genetic test DNA data.
Dandruff has the potential to affect individuals at any age, with its prevalence shifting through different life stages:
Dandruff isn't a lasting problem; its duration depends on the underlying cause and how effectively you handle it.
Usually, it begins in young adulthood and carries on through middle age. However, this doesn't exclude older adults from experiencing dandruff.
In fact, for some individuals, it can persist throughout their entire lives.
The strength and occurrence of dandruff can also shift over time as the scalp ages and undergoes changes in moisture levels.
Genetic dandruff is a condition that causes your scalp to produce too many dead skin flakes.
It occurs due to genetic changes that affect how your scalp's natural oil, called sebum, is regulated and your immune response.
While genetic dandruff might be embarrassing and uncomfortable, you can prevent it with simple steps:
By following the above steps, you can stop genetic dandruff and have a healthy, flake-free scalp.
Genetic dandruff is not curable, but it is treatable. The available treatment options depend on the severity of the condition and individual preferences.
Various treatments are accessible in addition to the preventive measures mentioned earlier.
Many over-the-counter medicated shampoos and scalp treatments contain antifungal or antibacterial ingredients to lessen dandruff.
If these products don't yield results within 2–3 weeks, it's advisable to consult a doctor. They can assess whether prescription shampoos or medications would be more effective.
Healthcare professionals might recommend topical antifungal medications, corticosteroids, or immunomodulators to address dandruff and other skin conditions.
Dandruff, a common scalp condition impacting millions globally, is not only influenced by external factors like dry skin or fungal infections but also has a genetic component.
Scientists found 487 genetic markers for dandruff, highlighting the significant role of genetics in determining susceptibility to conditions.
This hereditary tendency, affecting approximately 50% of the global population, is related to sensitivity to oleic acid, a microbial interaction in the scalp.
While dandruff is not curable, it is treatable through various means, including over-the-counter medicated shampoos and, in severe cases, prescription medications.
Managing genetic dandruff involves maintaining scalp health, using specialized shampoos, avoiding harsh chemicals, and addressing stress levels.
Understanding the genetic roots of dandruff allows individuals to take proactive steps in treatment and prevention, promoting a healthy scalp.
Regular care, including proper hygiene, choice of hair products, and stress management, is crucial in managing genetic dandruff and promoting a flake-free scalp.
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dandruff/symptoms-causes/syc-20353850
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bies.202100005
https://www.health.harvard.edu/skin-and-hair/what-is-the-best-way-to-treat-severe-dandruff
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/152844
https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/ways-to-treat-dandruff
Anxiety can significantly impact how your brain functions, particularly in areas responsible for responding to threats and managing stress. When anxiety strikes, it can make certain parts of the brain overly active while hindering others. For example, the prefrontal cortex, which helps us process information and make rational decisions, can become less effective. This happens because anxiety weakens the connection between the prefrontal cortex and the amygdala, the part of the brain that processes fear and danger. As a result, people with anxiety may find it harder to cope with stress and fear, making everyday challenges feel overwhelming. Let's explore further how anxiety affects the brain and what this means for those experiencing it.
Anxiety is a normal emotional response to stress and threat.
Occasional anxiety to stressors like an important job interview or an exam is fine.
Anxiety disorders are different from this. They’re a group of conditions characterized by persistent feelings of anxiety, fear, and stress.
Some symptoms of anxiety include:
The cause of anxiety is still unclear, but it appears to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors.
In the past, scientists believed that the amygdala, a region deep within the brain, was solely responsible for fear and anxiety.
However, current research suggests that anxiety arises from complex interactions among various brain regions rather than being driven by a single area, like the amygdala alone.
The Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex (DACC) is involved in processing fear signals from the amygdala.
When individuals with anxiety view fearful stimuli, the DACC and the amygdala enhance their communication.
This increased interaction contributes to heightened anxiety levels in individuals with anxiety compared to those without.
The ventromedial prefrontal cortex, located in the frontal lobe, is also involved in regulating anxiety signals from the amygdala.
Damage to this brain region can result in a lack of inhibition of anxiety signals, potentially leading to increased anxiety experiences.
This part of the brain serves as a modulator for anxiety responses rather than solely reducing anxiety signals.
Thus, anxiety is a complex phenomenon involving various brain regions orchestrating interactions to produce anxious responses.
Image: The Effects of Anxiety on the Brain / Inspired by NewScientist
Anxiety activates the fight or flight response in our bodies.
When fighting off the anxiety trigger(s), the brain releases adrenaline and cortisol, which alert our bodies and help us cope with danger.
When this danger is gone, the sympathetic part of the nervous system takes over and brings a sense of calm.
In people with anxiety, the sympathetic nervous system doesn’t do its job well.
As a result, the stress hormones keep getting released, triggering anxiety symptoms.
Chronic stress and anxiety can lead to structural degeneration and decreased functionality of the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex.
This can increase the risk for psychiatric disorders, including depression and dementia.
The amygdala is an almond-shaped mass of gray matter in the brain involved with expressing emotions.
It is responsible for responses to fearful and threatening stimuli.
With persistent anxiety, the amygdala increases in size, amplifying the body’s response to scary situations.
The hippocampus plays a major role in learning and memory.
It gets severely affected by many psychological disorders, including anxiety.
In chronic anxiety, the hippocampus shrinks in size.
Any damage to it can cause difficulty recalling memories and forming new ones.
The hippocampus is also responsible for linking a particular place to a fearful event.
This explains why some individuals with anxiety may avoid certain places.
The prefrontal cortex region of the brain is involved in logical responses and reasoning.
It helps process information and make an informed decision to solve a problem.
The connection between the prefrontal cortex and amygdala is weakened in anxious brains.
This can increase the sensitivity to dangers and hamper logical thinking and rationalizing.
The hippocampus is responsible for holding short-term memories and transferring them to long-term storage
With chronic anxiety, the hippocampus shrinks in size, making it difficult to recall memories.
Research has demonstrated that stress and anxiety can modulate hippocampal function, leading to enhanced encoding and consolidation of emotionally arousing or threatening memories.
Studies have found that individuals with anxiety disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), tend to have better recall for trauma-related or threatening information compared to neutral information.
Thus, in an anxious brain, the memories of failure, threat, and danger overpower that of success, happiness, and achievement.
In anxiety, the brain tends to hold onto negative memories.
This contributes to other mental disorders like depression.
The five major types of anxiety disorders are:
Generalized Anxiety Disorder, GAD, is a specific anxiety condition marked by persistently elevated tension, anxious feelings, and negative thoughts, even without a force or occasion to trigger them.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a persistent pattern of evaluations and ritualistic behaviors.
OCD is characterized by unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions).
Practicing behaviors such as washing hands, counting, checking, or cleaning is typically done with the aim of eliminating thoughts or making them disappear.
However, these "rituals" are only temporary relief, not a solution.
Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder that causes sudden and repeated episodes of intense fear, accompanied by symptoms including chest discomfort, heart palpitations, shortness of breath, dizziness, or stomach distress.
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, or PTSD, is an anxiety disorder that can develop after exposure to a terrifying event or ordeal that involves impending physical harm.
Traumatic events that may trigger PTSD include traumas arising from violent personal assault, natural or human-caused disasters, accidents, or military combat.
Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) or social phobia is an anxiety disorder marked by excessive self-consciousness in social situations and overwhelming anxiety.
Depending on the severity of its symptoms, SAD can be limited to only one type of situation, such as a fear of speaking in formal or informal settings.
It also may be so severe that the person may experience the symptoms by simply being around other people.
While there is no one-size-fits-all approach to coping with anxiety, several strategies can help.
Some of these include:
If needed, seek professional therapy to help address your anxiety.
